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Learning Theories, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
Learning Theories
Phobias
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Acquisition of phobias by CC is the idea that NS is associated with fear stimulus and becomes CS provoking CR of fear
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Social learning of phobias is the idea that children may also acquire phobias by imitation of adult fear responses.
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Flooding
Immediate exposure to very frightening situation, may last 3 hours. The fear response is extinguished as experienced for extended period without UCS. However needs informed consent as it is traumatic for the ppt.
Classical Conditioning
Pavlov's Dogs
He found that after pairing NS with UCS (food), NS typically elicited salivation response (now CS)
Made the conclusion that there is a link made in the bran between UCS and NS so both trigger same response (UCR and CR)
Procedure: Dogs - NS (metronome) paired with UCS (food), salivation (UCR) measured.
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Spontaneous recovery
Sometimes extinct responses to CS reappear, usually in weakened form
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Operational Conditioning
Behaviour modification
Modifying behaviour is systematic use of operant conditioning to increase frequency of desired behaviour
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Social Learning Theory
Bandura
Film-mediated 63,65
96 children observed: filmed, cartoon or no aggression
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Influence of models reinforcement 63,65
66 children saw aggressive model receive reinforcement, punishment or no response.
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Found that in the punishment condition they were less aggressive and the condition where a reward was promised they were more aggressive
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Imitation 61
72 children observed aggressive or non-aggressive model, or control, then opportunity to access.
Found that children who witnessed aggressiveness modelled specific behaviours were slightly more aggressive.
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Studies
Watson and Raynor
11-month boy presented with white rat (condition one) and then paired with white rat and unexpected noise (condition two)
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Becker
63 girls when TV was introduced, 65 girls 3 years later
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Concluded that American TV characters became role models for Fijian girls, imitated body type,
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