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NEOPLASM - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Through surgeons scalpel, needles, sutures,
  - - - Seen in Rhabdomyosarcoma
- - - - Solitary Bone cysts
      - Aneurysmal bone cyst
      - Fibrous dysplasia
      - Myositis ossificans
      - Brown Tumour or hyperparathyroidism
  - - - Osteioid osteoma, Osteochondroma,
        Osteoblastoma, Bone cysts, Osteogenic Sarcoma
    - - Ewing`s sarcoma, Multiple myeloma
    - - Osteoclastoma, Chondroblastoma
- - - - diagnosing heavily bone
        producing types of tumours
    - - Hypercalcemia
    - - Monoclonal antibodies can be detected by
        immunohistochemical assays
    - - bence jones proteins in urine
    - - Increases significantly when tumour and metastasis are
        highly osteogenic
    - - Haemoglobin : to rule out anaemia that may be due to
        replacement of bone marrow by neoplastic process
      - ESR : raised in mets, Ewing`s sarcoma, lymphoma,
        leukemias
  - - - To differentiate solid and cystic lesions
    - - Helps in detecting skip lesions
    - - locate cancer by observing high
        glycolysis
      - evaluate the tumour after chemotherapy
    - - Reactive zone is best seen on early arterial phase
    - - FNAC
    - - Anatomic Sites
        
        Simple bone cyst
        
        Giant Cell tumor
        
        Chondroblastoma
        
        Adamantinoma
        
        Chordoma
        
        Osteoblastoma
      - Matrix formation
        
        Osteoblastic
        
        Cartilaginous
      - Bone destruction
        
        Permeative
        
        Moth-eaten
        
        Geographic
      - Periosteal reaction
        
        Solid Periosteal Reactions
        
        SOLID BUTRESS
        
        Solid smooth or Elleptical layer
        
        Undulating type
        
        Single lamellar reaction
        
        Interupted Periosteal Reactions
        
        Sclerotic Cortical Lesions
      - Borders
        
        well-defined borders and a narrow transition area
        
        Poorly delineated or absent margins indicate an aggressive or
        malignant lesion
- - - - Active
        
        aneurysmal
        bone cyst
      - Aggressive
        
        giant
        cell tumor
      - Latent
        
        nonossifying
        fibroma
    - - tumor grade
      - size
      - presence and
        location of metastases.
    - - T
        
        Primary Tumour – T0
        to T4
      - M
        
        Metastasis – M0
        to M2
      - N
        
        Nodal involvement – N0
        to N3