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Psychiatry Medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, prevention, and…
Psychiatry Medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental illness.
Neurophysiology A branch of physiology as well as neuroscience that studies the function rather than the architecture of the nervous system. This aids the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness and disorder.
Neuroimaging The use of quantitative data and study to learn about the structure and function of the central nervous system. This method allows for a non-invasive form of studying the nervous system.
Genome wide association study An observational study which includes identifying which traits that gene sets are associated with.
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Knockout study A study of an organism, typically mice, that has been genetically engineered in order to inactivate or remove a gene(s) from its Genome.
Transcriptome wide association study A genetic methodology that compares the components of a gene and the components of a trait in order to determine whether they are associated with one another.
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Psychopathology The study of abnormal cognition and behavior, and how social experiences factor into it.
Cognition The process thought, experience, memory, and your senses.
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Mental Illness health conditions involving a persons' emotion, thinking or behavior
Treatment
Psychotherapy Also called talk therapy, it is a way to help people with various forms of mental illnesses and emotional difficulties.
Electroconvulsive therapy ECT is a psychiatric treatment where a seizure is electrically induced and is only used in serious cases.
Lobotomy A lobotomy, or leucotomy, is a neurosurgical treatment for mental disorders involving severing connections in the brain's prefrontal cortex. This treatment is no longer used.
Behavioral therapy Since addiction stems from urges toward certain behaviors, it is important to focus on these issues. That is the goal of behavioral therapy.
Opium A plant typically used in medicine that also can be highly addictive. A medicine containing opium is called an opiate.
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Cognitive Impairment Impairment or decline in ability to process thoughts and emotions as well as making decisions.
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Neurogenesis the way that neurons are formed in the brain. Neurogenesis is most important in the developmental stages of the embryo but continues in certain brain regions of the brain after birth.
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Addiction A neuropsychological condition involving powerful urges to engage in certain things that promote sensory reactions (i.e., nicotine from smoking)
Substance addiction This form of addiction changes the reward system of the brain, and tampers with the body's means of stress management and self-control.
Dependency Addiction creates a dependency on a certain thing, meaning a sense of need that can be both physically and/or mentally.
Withdrawal A symptom of resisting the urges of addiction. These may include things like headache, nausea, etc.
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Behavioral addiction This form of addiction is a compulsion to engage in an action resulting in what is called a natural reward, which is a behavior which is in of itself rewarding to your body.
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Mesolimbic pathway Also referred to as the reward system’s neural structure, the mesolimbic pathway resides in your brain and is responsible for releasing dopamine, a powerful neurotransmitter.
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Serum Levels The amount of a given substance within a sample of another, typically blood.
Assessment
Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) An assessment that is used for the early detection of impairments in cognition.
Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD) A multiple item assessment used both to evaluate depression and its severity, and to evaluate a system of recovery.
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Phenotype A set of observable characteristics that result from the interaction between the environment and gene sequences.
autonomic nervous system component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary muscle actions such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, etc. It contains three divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric.
sympathetic nervous system part of the nervous system in charge of responding to dangerous or stressful situations. In these situations, your sympathetic nervous system ups heart rate, helping to deliver more blood to areas of your body that need more oxygen or other responses to help you get out of danger.
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parasympathetic nervous system part of the body's autonomic nervous system. Its opposite is the sympathetic nervous system, which controls the body's fight or flight response. The parasympathetic nervous system controls the body's ability to relax.
enteric nervous system (ENS) part of the nervous system including neural circuits that control motor functions, local blood flow, mucosal transport and modulates immune functions as well as other things.
Motor function anything that results from stimulation of motor neurons, causing movement. including reflexes and both voluntary and involuntary muscle contractions.
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