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Psychopathology - Coggle Diagram
Psychopathology
Depression
Beck
believed that people who are depressed make more fundamental errors in logic, have developed negative self schemas, negative bias in thinking, tendency to view themselves and the world/future in pessimistic way
Ellis ABC model
good mental health is a result of rational thinking. Irrational thoughts are anything that interferes with being happy and free of pain. Explains how the misinterpretation of life events can lead to distress and therefore issues such as anxiety and depression
Giozioli & Terry
assessed 65 pregnant women for cognitive vulnerability for depression before and after birth. Those who had vulnerability were more likely to suffer from post-natal depression
Clark & Beck
reviewed research and found solid support for all the cognitive vulnerability factors which can be seen before the pps develops depression
March et al
compared antidepressant drugs to CBT as well as a combination of treatments with 327 depressed adolescent. After 36 weeks, 81% of CBT group, 81% of antidepressant group and 86% of combination group significantly improved
Counter for treatment
Sturmley
suggests that any form of psychotherapy is not suitable for people with learning difficulties including CBT
Ali et al
assessed depression in 439 clients over 12 month period after having CBT. 42% relapsed within 6 months and 53% within a year
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OCD
Taylor
found evidence that as many as 230 different genes may be involved in the development of OCD- polygenic. May explain why there are different types of OCD and combinations of behaviours
Nestadt et al
reviewed twin studies- found 68% concordance rate for MZ twins for OCD, only 31% for DZ
Counter: bio explination
Cromer et al
found over half of OCD pps had a traumatic event, the worse the OCD the people were had the more traumatic event- cant be entirely genetic
Soomaro et al
reviewed 17 studies that showed significantly better outcomes with pps taking SSRIs than placebos.Typical symptoms reduced by 70%, remaining 30% helped by psychological therpies
Counter: bio treatment
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Skapinakis
carried out a systematic review of outcome studies and concluded that both cognitive and behavioural therapies were more effective for treating OCD than SSRIs
Pigott & Seay
conducted a meta analysis from studies of placebo and double blind trials and found that SSRIs were effective in reducing OCD symptoms but tricyclics more effective but more side effects
Phobias
Watson-Little Albert exp
9 month old showed no fear of white rats, at 11 months a procedure was conducted to induce fear. Every time the rat was places on little Alberts lap, Watson would produce a loud noise behind Albert. Albert would cry everytime rat placed on his lap, rat turned into condioned stimulus from neutral stimulus, fear was conditioned response
Dojongh et al
found 75% of pps who have plentists phobia had a traumatic experience compared to a 21% of the control group that did not have the phobia
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Abnormality
Maire Jahoda (Dev IMH)
criteria for deviation from ideal mental health: able to cope with stress, accurate perception of reality, good self esteem. the more criteria a person fails to meet, the more abnormal they are
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