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Nathan Gregory; 30079225 Daniel Trainer; 3016273 Jamie Lewry; 30067134,…

- - - - Optimization: Algorithm, trends, genres, cross-platform (Morris, Prey, Nieborg, Duffy). Defined as “the process of measuring, engineering, altering, and designing elements of digital cultural goods to make them more searchable, discoverable, usable, and valuable in both economic and cultural senses
  - - - Aesthetics: Self-brand, home office, ring lights, wallpaper, succulents
        
        Venture Labour (Neff)
        
        Entrepreneur - Sell yourself
  - - - Advertisers: The wild west needs order
        
        Genres: Beauty, fashion, fitness, family, prank, etc.
- - - - Brand Culture
        
        Brands becoming cultural context for everyday living, individual identity and affective relationship
      - Consumer Citizenship
- - - - Entrepreneur: Be a self-starter and make the world fit you
        
        Self-Brand: This is who I am… now give me money
        
        Autonomy
        
        Flexibility
        
        Self-actualization.
  - - - Gig-Economy: No job security, precarious work, short term, low rewards
    - - Self-brand
    - - Myth: Do What you Love
  - - - creativity vs. commerce
        
        The ideal of creative self- expression that they circulate serves to distinguish social media aspirants from those working in cultural industries more explicitly driven by profit maximization. Yet much like the latter, individual social media producers confront commercial pressures on the path to generate income.
      - authenticity vs. self-promotion
        
        A pervasive social media aesthetic and narrative relies on the contemporary logics of “authenticity” and “realness” but requires laborers to draw upon market logics to brand themselves.
      - hobby vs. professional status
        
        The contrast between professional and amateur pervades the world of social media makers. Certainly, this dichotomy elides the reality that those (seemingly hobby) bloggers with the greatest number of followers have been able to parlay their digital fame into book deals, clothing lines, and designer collaborations, among others.
- - - - Back Stage: Behind the scenes
        
        Cross Platform: I have an altered personality on every platform
      - Front Stage: Main channel
      - Parasocial Strategy: Juxtaposition of the perfect self
        
        Digital Dualism
        
        Porous Authenticity
  - - - Accessibility - how easy it is to approach an influencer in digital and physical spaces
      - Believability - how convincing an influencerʼs depicted lifestyle and sentiments are
      - Authenticity - how genuine an influencerʼs actual lifestyle and sentiments are
      - Emulatability - how easy followers can model themselves after an influencerʼs lifestyle
      - Intimacy - how familiar and close followers feel to an influencer
  - - - MacCannell’s theory of “staged authenticity.”
      - Essena O’Neill example
    - - Aspirational Labour
        
        Main channels
        
        Shadow Accounts
        
        Just like you
        
        Gatekeeping
- - - - Norms
        
        Free speech assumption: platforms should provide a space for all kinds of speech, no matter how violent, racist, sexist, transphobic or homophobic (Whitney v. California)
        
        Public VS Private Company
        
        Social Media Companies: dominated by cisgender, educated, straight white men - which shapes the products that are created and how they are regulated…
      - Meritocratic organization
      - Democratic Crowdsource Community
        
        Personal liberty > Community safety
  - - - Rhetorical act that shapes how we use and understand it
  - - - Harrasment
        
        Punishments
        
        Asymetrical
        
        Rewarding Abuse
    - - Doxxing
    - - Upvoting/Downvoting system - an illusion of democracy
- - - - YPP policies: YouTube Partner Program policies that determine who can monetize their videos and how.
- - - - Dominant voices remain privileged (algorithm design politics help them out)
    - - Case Study: Unidan
        
        Fan base/Account (/r/UnidanFans)
        
        Micro-celebrity - “Micro-celebrity can be understood as a mindset and set of practices in which audience is viewed as a fan base; popularity is maintained through ongoing fan management; and self-presentation is carefully constructed to be consumed by others”
        
        Persona: geek masculinity
        
        geek masculinity which dominates many online cultures (reddit included) continues to marginalize, intimidate, and silence women, sexual minorities, people of color, and their allies.
        
        demonstration intoxicating and often nepotistic nature of micro-celebrity in spaces like reddit
        
        Fans likely helped with his vote manipulation - voting up an standing up in arguments just because it was Unidan and ignoring more qualified speakers and positions
        
        Power of algorithms - “stabilizers of trust” that suggest a kind of automated objectivity - designed by someone and therefore political/ideological
        
        vote manipulation is an emblematic example of how algorithms become entangled with user practice, changing, “how users reshape their practices to suit the algorithms they depend on, and how they can turn algorithms into terrains for political contest”
        
        Gendered harassment (doxxing) and threats (death)
        
        complicit in perpetuating reddit’s often-misogynistic view of women - posted a NSFW compilation of nude women and claimed it was the real Unidan
        
        Punishment
        
        Shadowbanned - his comments and postings would no longer appear (nor would his account page be accessible) to anyone but him
        
        multiple puppet accounts to downvote comments by those with whom he disagreed and upvote his own new submissions (gaming the algorithm)
  - - - Popularity
        
        “Karma” - score based on up and down votes + scammer prevention score
  - - - Crowdsourcing
        
        a place for cisgendered straight men where women are objects of sexualized desire rather than valid members of the community.
      - /r/showerbeer, /r/penmanshipporn, /r/ggggg
- - - - Gender in Spaces
        
        Transparency/ The Green Screen
        
        Having a transparent screen gives the feeling of detachment. Because we don't get to see the streamer's personal belongs there is more of a disconnect. Primarily used by male streamers.
        
        The Bedroom Background
        
        Although staged, it is seen as more personable as the audience gets a peek inside an intimate space. Women use this method more than men.
        
        This method of displaying the streamers face invokes a closer connection and personal to their viewers.
        
        No FaceCam
        
        Complete disconnect from the audiences as this is used by hardcore gamers. The idea is that they are showing off their skills and talent instead of connecting to their audience. This is Primarily used by male streamers.
        
        Some streamers tend to make it seem more like a business by having designated “streaming rooms” making it feel like a job in comparison to people who stream from their visible bedroom.
      - It is part of the allure to watch someone with different ways in which they present their background. More casual and cozy offers a more personal connection. This is a reason people watch their streams.
- - - - Incubator
        
        A place where influencers who have new found fame can come for support as they navigate this new life.
        
        When they go to an incubator, they go because they hope to take their career to the next level.
        
        They must turn themselves into a predictable commodity or business to be able to stay in these places.
      - Hype House
        
        This particular example has rules where if the influencer is not performing in how they exepect they could be let go.
        
        Chase Hudson's Criteria to becoming a influencer
        
        Talented at something, a weird funny mix or extremely good looking. If you have all three you are a TikTok God.
- - - - Example: DaddyOFive - "One crazy family"
        
        Authenticity
      - Real Life
  - - - “Authenticity, uniqueness and talent: Gay male beauty influencers in post-queer, postfeminist Instagram beauty culture” (Chen and Kanai 2022)
        
        Week 5
        
        “You’re not here for the right reasons!” From The Bachelorette to Instagram Influencer” (Psarras et al. 2020)
        
        Postfeminist Nirvana:
        
        "Having it all" (The perfect life) "Doing it all"
        
        Neoliberalism
        
        2 more items...
        
        Persona/Identity
        
        Postfeminist Culture
        
        Relatability
        
        Authenticity
        
        4 more items...
        
        Attention Economy
        
        Gendered Performance
        
        Fashion
        
        Beauty
        
        Family
        
        Cis | White | Children | Husband | House
        
        1 more item...
        
        Career
        
        Sexuality
        
        3 more items...
        
        Sexuality
        
        Intimacy
        
        Postfeminism
        
        “Nothing but a Titty Streamer” (Ruberg, Collen, and Brewster 2019)
        
        Discriminatory Language
        
        Titty Streamer
        
        Body Shaming Rhetoric
        
        Feminist Media Studies
        
        Visibility
        
        Discursive Platforms
        
        Twitch
        
        Reddit
        
        Post-Queer
        
        Commodification
        
        Entreprenuarship
        
        Luxury Consumer Culture
    - - Can be a form of punishment or it can be self prescribed the the children (little power)
      - Exploitation
- - - - Visibility
    - - Productive
      - Perscriptive
      - Constrictive
    - - Femininity
        
        Real
        
        Fake
  - - - Call-out Culture/Gossip
        
        Content is largely presented as exist, racist,
        homohobic and xenophobic (context of a hateblog)
  - - - “meows” are posts, and community status tiers
        include: “Cat,” “Baroness of Ham,” “Count de Meowmy,” and “Feline Porklord.”
- - - - Engagement: The level of interaction and activity that a piece of content generates on social media.
- - - - Neoliberalism
  - - - Authenticity
  - - - Cis | White | Children | Husband | House
    - - Sexuality
        
        The Bachelor/ette