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Globalisation and Religion - Coggle Diagram
Globalisation and Religion
Globalisation and Postmodernism
Postmodernists claim there is a rise in choice, diversity and fluidity of ideas.
. 'Old' structures such as class, gender and ethnicity are no longer relevant.
. Structural sociologists such as Marxists and feminists disagree.
Globalisation is an important aspect of the postmodern era
.
Global Village
- differences between countries are starting to fade.
.
Global economy
- multi-national corporations like Amazon operate in every county in the world.
Religion and the Economy
Nada
- The case of India
A India becomes wealthier it has become more religious instead of secular
. Hindu tele-gurus - economy personal profit making resulting in more popularity.
. Ultra-Nationalism - Hinduism has promoted the worship of Indian society.
¬ Delhi Riots 2020
Berger - Pentecostalism in South America
Have encouraged followers in Brazil to improve work ethic
. Improved Brazilian economy
Some sociologists argue that religion has had a key role in developing economies around the world
Religious Fundamentalism
Fundamentalism - a form of a religion that upholds belief in the strict, literal interpretation of scripture.
. Us Vs them mentality
. Authoritative sacred text - the bible is literally true
. Aggressive reaction to challenges to their belief systems
. Seek to enforce patriarchy by controlling women's behaviour and sexuality.
. Application of biblical prophecies to contemporary events
. Embrace conspiracy theories
Globalisation and the Rise of Fundamentalism
Bauman (1992)
People join fundamentalist groups as they cannot cope with the lack of truth in the postmodern world.
Castells (2010)
Two types of identity
Resistance identity
- fundamentalist groups protect values under threat.
Project identity
- embrace change through New Age Movements
Giddens (1999)
The promotion of cosmopolitan values has led to the rise of fundamentalism.
. People now have a more liberal worldview which has threatened conservative assumptions of the world.
. Mainstream religions have diluted their views to stay relevant pushing minorities to extremes.
Bruce
- two types of fundamentalism
Global West
- fundamentalism is a reaction against progressivism e.g. New Christian Right
Global East
- fundamentalism is a reaction to changed forced upon them from the outside e.g. Iran reacting to attempts of Westernisation
Secular Fundamentalism
Huntington
- Clash of Civilisations
Globalisation created 7 types of civilisation based on religion
. Christianity, Islamic, Hindu and Confucian
These civiisations are in conflict with each other
. This is why western (Christian) interaction in Arabic status has pushed some to religious extremes.
¬ Islamic State/ Taliban
Evaluation
Casanova
- Huntington ignores key differences between groups
Horrie and Chippindale
- Huntington bases his analysis on assumptions with little understanding of Islam
Jackson
Huntington bases his analysis on Western stereotypes of the East
Armstrong
- Hostility to the West is caused by poor foreign policy decisions not religion
Bruce
- Globalisation does not just lead to fundamentalist groups but other religions too
Davie
- Secular Fundamentalism
Globalisation has promoted western domination of science
. This has pointed some to adopt fundamentalist attitudes
¬ Extreme religious minorities