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Biomedical Engineering - Coggle Diagram
Biomedical Engineering
1 Medical Imaging and Motion
Compensated Imaging
Tomography
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Scintillator crystals
Single Positron Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
Scanners
Collimators
Computed Tomography (CT)
Emission Tomography
Tracer Principle
Using Ionising radiation
Motion in Imaging
Voluntary
Anxiety
Forgetfulness
Boredom
Non-compliance
Discomfort
Involuntary
Head/Body Motion
Tremor
Reflexes
Organ Motion
Respiratory
Cardiac
Implications of Motion (SPECT, PET, CT, MRI)
Blurring
Loss of Contrast
Ghosting
Loss of Resolution
Streaking
Degraded Image Quality
Increased noise
Other Factors
Image Recon
Physiological Status
Use of Support
Scanner
Spatial Resolution
Temporal Resolution
Tomo v Planar
Motion
Periodic v Random
Rigid v Non-rigid
Velocity
Duration
Amplitude
Motion Correction
Excluding corrupted data
Image registration
Data-driven approach
Grouping data
Event-by-event comp
De-blurring methods
2 Regulatory Affairs
Design Inputs
General Requirements
Convert into measurable specifics
Design Transfer
Device Master Record (DMR)
Clinical Evidence
Design History File (DHF)
13 Biomanufacturing and the PolyImplant
Regulations
DIN
ISO
CEN
Regulatory Bodies
CE
AGDH
FDA
ISO13485
Poly Implant Prosthese
3 Anatomy and Physiology (Intro)
Nervous System
Synapses and Neurotransmitters
Nerve Impulse Propagation
Resting Membrane Potential
Graded Potentials
Bone Anatomy
Bone Composition
Cortical Bone
Cancellous Bone
Bone Cells
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoporosis
Joints
Synovial
Cartilaginous
Fibrous
Muscular System
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Muscle Fibres
Myofibrils and Sarcomeres
4 Biomaterials
Metals
Biologically derived materials
Polymers
Bioceramics
Biocomposites
Plasma Modification
Biointerfaces
5 Tissue Engineering & Mechanobiology
Biomolecules
Tissue Engineering Strategies
Cellular Construct
In Vivo Implantation
Tissue Classification
Soft Tissue
Silk
Gelatin
Collagen
Hard Tissue
Extracellular Matrix
Mechanobiology
Role of Biomaterials
Mechanical forces
Stem Cell Differentiation
6 Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
Quantum Dots
In vivo NM
Interaction with living cells and tissue
Opsonisation
Ligand-receptor Interaction
Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect
Characteristics
Can enter organelles
Interaction with specific biomolecules
Exploting of physical nanosized gaps in body
Ideal Drug Delivery
Targeted
Systemic
Doxil example
Biosensing in vitro and vivo
Gold in NP
Photothermal Therapy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Effect
7 Microfluidics and Applications
Droplet Generation
Continuous Flow
Segmented Flow
Flow-focusing
T-Junction
Multiple Emulsions
Biomedical Applications
Cell Encapsulation
Cell Sorting
Droplet PCR
Tissue Engineering
Regen Med
Microfluidic manipulation: Hydrodynamics of laminar flow
Lab-on-a-chip
PDMS Device
Laminar and Turbulent Flow
Brownian Motion (random motion 1um)
9 Technology and Innovation in Cerebral Palsy
Motor Types
Dyskinetic
Ataxic
Mixed
Spastic
Age-Appropriate Tech
Neonatal IC
Brain Computer Interface
Implants
GMFCS
14 Bionics and Neuromodulation
Applications
Stimulation
Deep brain
Vagus Nerve
Spinal cord
Transcranial Magnetic
Nervous System
Peripheral
Central
Efferent
Afferent
Axons
Parkinson's Disease
Requires deep brain stim
Blindness
Epilepsy
Hearing loss
Cochlear Implant
Electrode array
11 Introduction to Sleep and Technology Innovation
Motivation: Sleep Apnoea
Two-process model
Sleep-wake Homeostasis
Circadian Rhythms
Sleep-wake Cycle
Normal Vs Abnormal Sleep
REM Sleep
N1/2/3
Hypnograms
Sleep-health Relation
Abnormalities
Obstructive sleep apnoea
Insomnia
12 Computational Biomedical Engineering
Methodologies
In vitro
in silico
In vivo
CAD
Anatomy
Prosthesis
Data Acquisition
Solid modelling
Numerical Analysis
Hounsfield Scale
10 Bioelectronics
Tissue Interaction Spectrums
Motivations
Problems of Clinical need
Intergenerational Impact
Global burden
Near Infrared Spectroscopy
In Tissue Engineering
Physical Modelling
Electrical Impedance Tomography
For Neural Tissue
Di-electric properties of tissue
Measurement Methods
Neuronal Modeling
Permittivity Modelling
Computational Modelling
Cardiac Radiofrequency Ablation (CRFA)
Electroporation
Image Recon
Overcoming Errors