Endocrine Organs
Organs with Endocrine Cells
Anterior Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Adrenal Cortex
Thyroid Gland
Pineal Gland
Posterior Pituitary
Parathyroid Gland
Adrenal Medulla
Kidney
Heart
Pancreas
Thymus
GI tract
Gonads
Releases:
Releases:
Releases:
Releases:
Releases:
Releases:
Releases: Melatonin
ACTH
FSH
LH
TSH
PRL
GH
Targets: Adrenal Cortex
Targets: Gonads
Targets: Gonads
Targets: Thyroid Gland
Targets: Mammary (F)
Targets: Almost Every Cell in the Body
In females, stimulates ovulation, estrogen and progesterone synthesis in corpus luteum of ovary
Stimulates thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion
Stimulates increased growth and metabolism in target cells; stimulates synthesis of somatomedin in the liver to stimulate growth at epiphyseal plate
Stimulates milk production in mammary glands
In females, stimulates growth of ovarian follicles
Stimulates production of corticosteroid hormones
Targets: Interstitial Cells in Testes (M)
In males, may play a role in the sensitivity of the interstitial cells of LH
In males, stimulates sperm production
Stimulates androgen synthesis in testes
Vasopressin
Oxytocin
Targets: Kidneys
Targets: Smooth muscle in arteriole walls
Targets: Uterus, mammary glands (F)
Targets: Smooth muscle of male reproductive tract (M)
Stimulates reabsorption of water from tubular fluid
Stimulates vasoconstriction in arterioles of body
Stimulates smooth muscle contraction in uterine wall; stimulates milk ejection from mammary glands
Stimulates contraction of smooth muscle of male reproductive tract
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Thyroid Hormone (TH)
Calcitonin
Targets: Bones
Targets: Bones
Targets: Most body cells
Targets: Small intestines
Targets: Kidneys
Increases metabolism, oxygen use, growth, and energy use; supports and increases rate of development
Targets: Kidneys
Increases calcium loss through kidneys
Reduces calcium levels in body fluids; decreases bone resorption by osteoclasts
Decreases calcium loss through kidneys
Increases calcium absorption by small intestine by calcitriol
Increases calcium levels in blood through bone resorption
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Gonadocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)
Targets: Kidney Cells
Targets: Liver Cells
Targets: Cells that respond to sex hormones
Stimulate lipid and protein metabolism; regulate blood glucose levels
Regulate electrolyte composition and concentration in body fluids
Protein synthesis in target cells
Targets: Various cells throughout the body
Works with the sympathetic division of the ANS to stimulate fight-or-flight response
Various cells throughout the body
Regulates circadian rhythm
Releases:
Releases:
Ovaries
Testes
Releases:
Releases:
Releases
Releases:
Insulin
Somatostatin
Glucagon
Pancreatic polypeptide
Estrogen
Progesterone
Inhibin
Releases:
Androgens
Inhibin
Thymosisns
Thymopoietin
Atriopeptin (ANP
Calcitrol
Erythropoietin
Releasing Hormones
Inhibiting Hormones
Somatocrinin (GHRH)
PRH
GnRH
TRH
CRH
Somatostatin (GHIH)
Dopamine (Pih)
Targets: Somatotropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
Targets: Mammotropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
Decreases secretion of prolactin (PRL)
Decreases secretion of growth hormone (GH)
Targets: Corticotropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
Targets: Gonadotropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
Targets: Somatropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
Targets: Mammotropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
Targets: Thyrotropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
Increases secretion of (ACTH)
Increases secretion of (FSH) and (LH)
Increases secretion of (GH)
Increases secretion of (PRL)
Increases secretion of (TSH)
Targets: Alpha and beta cells of pancreatic islets
Slows release of insulin and glucagon to slow rate of nutrient absorption during digestion
Targets: Liver
Targets: Adipose cells
Increase Lipid breakdown in adipose cells
Increases blood glucose levels, glycogen breakdown in liver cells
Targets: Liver
Decreases glucose levels in body fluids, glucose transport into target cells
Targets: Body cells
Promotes glycogen and lipid formation and storage
Targets: Delta cells of pancreatic islets
Suppresses somatostatin secretion from delta cells
Targets: Lymphatic system
Stimulating and promotes differentiation, growth, and maturation of T-Lymphocytes
Targets: Small intestines
Promotes calcium absorption
Increases rate of erythrocyte production and maturation
Renin
Targets: Cells in Adrenal Cortex
Produce and secrete aldosterone
Increases sodium and water loss in urine, resulting in decreased blood pressure and volume
Stimulates development of female reproductive organs, follicle maturation; regulates menstrual cycle; stimulates growth of mammary glands
Regulates menstrual cycle; stimulates growth of uterine lining; stimulates growth of mammary glands
Inhibits secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone
Stimulates male reproductive organ development, production of sperm
Inhibits secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone
Various hormones related to digestion
Controls overall secretory activity and motility in GI tract