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Management strategies to protect the water cycle - Coggle Diagram
Management strategies to protect the water cycle
Improving forestry techniques
The UN and WB fund programmes to protect tropical rainforests
The UN's Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) programme and the WB's Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) fund over 50 partner countries
Financial incentives
Brazil has support from the UN, WB and WWF to protect its forests
The Amazon Regional Protected Areas (ARPA) programme covers nearly 128 million acres of the Amazon Basin
Areas included are protected and there has been a 75% decrease in deforestation rates between 2000 and 2012
The benefits include offsetting 1.4bn tonnes of carbon a year and supporting indigenous forest communities
Water allocation for domestic, industrial and agricultural use (D.I.A)
These can vary along each river
Colorado River is allocated between California, Arizona, Utah and New Mexico
Recovery of waste water is essential for all D.I.A
E.g. water bolts on house interiors
Uncommon across developing world
Agriculture uses 70% of water withdrawals and 90% of consumption
Water loss through surface runoff
Terracing the land keeps water in the are
Over irrigation results in excessive consumption
Drip irrigation is a more efficient method
Drainage basin planning
At this scale it is feasible to adopt an integrated and holistic management approach to accommodate the different demands of water
Specific targets include runoff, surface water storage and groundwater
Rapid runoff is controlled by reforestation programmes in upland catchments, reducing artificial drainage and extending permeable surfaces
Surface water storage is improved by conserving and restoring wetlands
In the UK each district has ts own River Basin Management Plan published jointly by the Environmental Agency and DEFRA
Groundwater levels are maintained by limiting abstraction and artificial recharge where water is injected into aquifers through boreholes