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Chem - Module 5, Chem - Module 6, Chem - Module 7 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - products is higher
      - lies to the right
    - - reactants is higher
      - lies to the left
    - - in the middle
  - - - heat is a product
      - temp increases it shifts left
      - K will decrease
    - - Heat is reactant
      - temp increases it shifts right
      - K will increase
- - - - static equilibrium
    - - rate of forward is equal to the rate of back is dynamic equilibrium
  - - - substances and/or energy is exchanged between environment and the system
    - - substances and energy are isolated
      - no such thing
        
        no perfect heat insulator
      - a sealed container maintained at a constant temp is approx. closed system
      - no gas reaction
      - dynamic equilibrium only be achieved in a closed system
- - - - Change in pressure
    - - Exothermic and Endothermic
  - - - one of the products
      - if temp is raised to the left
      - absorbs heat
    - - one of the reactants
      - if temp is raised to the right
      - releases heat
- - - - cations
    - - anions
  - - - Na, K, NH4 (group 1 metal ions)
      - All nitrates
      - All acetates (CH3COO-)
      - All halides (except Ag, Pb)
      - All sulfates (except Pb, Ba, Ag)
    - - All carbonates (CO3) except the soluble ones
      - All hydroxide (except Na, K, Ca, Ba)
- - - - Neutral
      - Base
      - Acid
      - Changes at pH
    - - Purple
      - Blue
      - Pink
      - 6-8
    - - Clear
      - Red/Pink
      - Clear
      - 8.3-10
    - - Yellow
      - Yellow
      - Red
      - 3.1-4.4
    - - Green
      - Blue
      - Yellow
      - 6.2-7.6
  - - - Sulfuric Acid
        
        H2SO4
      - Nitric Acid
        
        HNO3
      - Hydrochloric Acid
        
        HCl
    - - Potassium Hydroxide
        
        KOH
      - Sodium Hydroxide
        
        NaOH
    - - Water soluble
      - Sour Taste
      - Chemically reactive
      - neutralizes bases
    - - bitter taste
      - chemically reactive
      - neutralizes acids
  - - - chemical fertilisers
    - - Stomach
  - - - acids must contain oxygen
    - - acids contain hydogen
      - metal oxides are basic
    - - acids produce a proton in water
      - bases produce OH ions
      - neutralization reaction
- - - - goes to completion
      - 100% are ionised
    - - 1%
  - - - pH<7
    - - pH>7
- - - - anhydrous sodium carbonate
        
        Na2CO3
    - - Oxalic acid
        
        COOHCOOH
  - - - strong
    - - weak
    - - strong
    - - weak
  - - - bicarbonate ion and carbonate ion