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Major Project 2: Annotated Bibliography - Coggle Diagram
Major Project 2: Annotated Bibliography
Source #1: Child Labor (History.com)
History.com Editors. “Child Labor.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 27 Oct. 2009,
https://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution/child-labor
.
History.com is a reputable cite that compiles information from various databases. This article has a proper works cited page to refer back to.
Tis article takes a deeper dive into the history of child labor in the United States. Information is given regarding both pre and post Great Depression America and insight into the laws and regulations that protect youth today and how they came to be.
Direct quotes/paraphrases
"In 1900, 18 percent of all American workers were under the age of 16." (Hine)
"The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 set a national minimum wage for the first time" (Hine)
The National Child Labor Committee, organized in 1904, and state child labor committees led the charge to regulate or eliminate child labor in the United States. (Hine)
This source relates to source #4 because of the historical and racial components.
Source #2: Uncovering Eight-Year-Old Children Working in Factories (VICE Asia)
This documentary takes viewers into the villages of South Nepal where child labor standards are not what they are in the United States. Children are forced to provide for their families by working rigorous hours in less-than-ideal conditions.
Uncovering Eight-Year-Old Children Working in Factories, Vice Asia, 30 Sept. 2022,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ak4GR9qGi-Y
.
This documentary was filmed by VICE's Asia division. VICE Media is a reputable news source focused on politics and based in New York.
Direct Quotes/Paraphrases
In Nepal over one million chilren are engaged in labor
"Nepali law strictly prohibits employment of children under age 14"
Many children are working for less than $7 a week, working 10 hour days
This source provides valuable insight towards the working conditions of children outside of the United States. I think this prospective will be helpful to compare and contrast when writing the research paper.
Source #3: Crumbl Cookies, the popular bakery franchise, violated child labor laws in 6 states (Salon)
Saha, Joy. “Crumbl Cookies, the Popular Bakery Franchise, Violated Child Labor Laws in 6 States.” Salon, Salon.com, 5 Jan. 2023,
https://www.salon.com/2023/01/05/crumbl-cookies-the-popular-bakery-franchise-violated-child-labor-laws-in-6-states/
.
This article covers Crumbl Cookies violations of many different child labor laws. More than 46 minor employees had violations on their timesheets, many of them being 14 or 15 years old.
Salon is an independent news site primarily covering politics. They cite all sources used to create each article in the works cited section.
This source gives an example of a major company here in the United States breaking child labor laws. This violation occurred in many states, so it also provides education on laws state to state.
Direct quotes/Paraphrasing
"Although labor laws vary from state to state, many laws prohibit 14 and 15-year-old workers from working more than 8 hours per day or working over 40 hours per workweek. Minors also can't work before 7 a.m. or after 7 p.m., except from June 1 through Labor Day, when their night shifts can end at 9 p.m."(Saha)
Varying state to state 14 and 15 year old employees are prohibited to working in hazardous conditions, this may include ovens or other types of machinery
"Crumbl owes $57,854 in penalties. However, considering that Crumbl operates more than 600 locations in 47 states, the cookie franchise should have no problem paying their debts." (Saha)
This article connects to source #1 because they both reference local laws that are not followed and the penalties companies/individuals may occur as a result of
Source #4 Immigration, Culture, and Child Labor in the
United States, 1880—1920
Gratton, Brian, and Jon Moen. “Immigration, Culture, and Child Labor in the United States, 1880—1920.” MIT Press Direct, 1 Jan. 2004,
https://direct.mit.edu/jinh/article/34/3/355/49819/Immigration-Culture-and-Child-Labor-in-the-United
.
This source provides historical more historical context to pre depression United States and many of the tedious tasks they were assigned (ex. Farmwork, sewing ect.)
This source is considered scholarly because it was pulled from a database and also lists it's sources to cross reference
Citations
"in 1910 and 1920, more
than 60 percent of all child workers were employed in agriculture." (Gratton & Moen)
"older children were more likely to work than younger children, but all of them were less likely to do so if living in households that enjoyed socioeconomic status." (Gratton & Moen)
"By 1920, only about 25 percent reported having a job." (Gratton & Moen)
This source provides many statistics regarding youth labor in the 1900s. This source also goes into detail about the ethnic disparities surrounding child labor.
This source connects to source #2 as they both take a deeper dive into the working conditions of lower class and minority children.