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Disease and response to infection - Coggle Diagram
Disease and response to infection
communicable diseases
viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi
common cold, malaria, meningites
can spread from person to person
non-communicable diseases
can not be spread between people
asthma, coronary heart disease and cancer
Health and disease
health - a state of physical and mental wellbeing
disease - conditions that can cause ill health
Tumours
abnormal mass of cells, uncontrolled growth and division
malignant - cancer, spread to different parts of the body, risks of secondary tumours, causes a lot of damage
Benign - contained between a membrane and stay in the same place
Pathogens - mico-organsisms that can cause disease
how are pathogens spread?
Contaminated food and water - for example salmonella is contaminated food such as chicken , cholera drinking contaminated water with dirrohea who already has cholera
Direct contact - athletes foot is caught by walking on swimming pool floors
Air - tiny droplets through the air from sneezing or coughing for example measles
how to stop pathogens spreading?
kill the vectors (organisms that transports the pathogens) for example mosquitos
vaccinations - can't catch a diseases
Hygine - washing hands and chopping boards
isolate or quaratine the patient
Vaccines
Inside vaccines have weakened pathogens and our bodies made antigens to the viruses
pros - protection to disease, control of common disease such as whopping cough, prevent outbreaks
cons - they don't always work , and some people have a bad reaction to the injection
developing medicine and drug testing
Stage 1 ; tested on human cells and tissues, it is cheap however it doesn't tell us much about how the body will take the drug.
Stage 2 ; testing on live animals this is testing the efficacy and toxicity
EFFICACY - how well it works? TOXICITY how harmful is it and does it have any side effects? DOSAGE how much of the drug to give?
Stage 3 ; give it to healthy humans (volunteers) then we give to humans suffering from illness to find efficacy, toxicity and optimum dosage. during stage 3 testing they also use a placebo which is like a fake drug which does nothing this avoids bias doctors and patients
Drugs
treat the diseases - directly kills the pathogens antibiotics only kills bacterial pathogens
relive the symptoms - paracetamol they don't cure the problems
Defence systems
physical barrier is your skin which has secret oil antimrobial substances which kill the pathogens
nose has lots of little hairs and mucus to stop the pathogens from entering the body
trachea is covered in mucus to catch the pathogens
lungs are covered in cilia
Immune system and their white blood cells
phagocytosis which means they engulf pathogens deystroying them
antitoxins so the pathogens can't so any harm to us
antibodies for the next time pathogens enters the bodie