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6.1 Reproduction - Coggle Diagram
6.1 Reproduction
DNA
Structure
Organised into chromosomes
Polymer
2 strands form a double helix
Genome
The entire genetic material in an organism
Gene
A section of DNA that codes for a sequence of amino acids to make a protein
Allele: different form of a gene
Recessive
Dominant
Genotype
The alleles of an organism
Importance
Identification of genes linked to diseases
Contribute to the phenotype
Tracing past human migration patterns
Inherited disorders
Cystic fibrosis
Polydactyly
Types of reproduction
Sexual
Fusion of male and female gametes
Animals
Sperm and egg
Flowering plants
Pollen and egg
Asexual
Mitosis
Produces clones
One parent
No fusion of gametes
No mixing of genetic information
Meiosis
Halves the number of chromosomes to produce gametes
Fertilisation restores the full number of chromosomes
Process
Genetic information is copied
Cell divides by mitosis then differentiates
Cell divides twice to produce 4 gametes
Gametes are genetically different
Sex
Male
XY
Female
XX