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EISENHOWER'S NEW LOOK POLICY - Coggle Diagram
EISENHOWER'S NEW LOOK POLICY
LIMITATIONS
failed to 'roll back' Communism as it claimed it would
didn't capitalise on unrest in Eastern Europe such e.g. Hungary 1956
wasn't as aggressive at it first appeared
people realised that 'massive retaliation' would inevitably result in nuclear holocaust
SIMILARITIES TO CONTAINMENT
looking to contain Communism
heavy emphasis on military spending
military aid to countries combatting Communism - Truman Doctrine aid to Greece and Turkey, aid to KMT; Eisenhower aid to Diem 1954, Korea etc
continuation of anti-Communist alliances - Truman formed Bizonia, NATO, used Marshall Plan; Eisenhower formed SEATO
DIFFERENCES WITH CONTAINMENT
reliance on nuclear weapons to reduce military costs - reduced military spending by $10bn from 1956, advocated massive retaliation and brinkmanship
'massive retaliation' and 'brinkmanship' - SOS John Foster Dulles - Truman ultimately unprepared to use nuke again e.g. Berlin Blockade and Douglas MacArthur in Korean War
Domino Theory - Indochina/Vietnam i.e. Cambodia, Laos, Thailand etc
More peaceful - 'Open Skies proposal', Geneva Accords etc
Dulles wanted to 'roll back' Communism
CONCLUSIONS
LONG TERM - alliances would share responsibility of 'world policeman' with other allies
SHORT TERM - foreign policy relied heavily on nuclear power as 'Allies could supply conventional forces'
Eisenhower and Dulles also viewed the containment of Communism as a demonstration of US power globally
USE OF THE UN
US sought to use the UN to dominate global politics and gain support for its anti-Communist policies
Vetoes held by France, UK, US, Russia and China - permanent members of the security council; given USSR boycotting due to Taiwan recognition as China, US/Western interests dominated