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Self report methods; - Coggle Diagram
Self report methods;
Questionnaires;
Clarity = Do not use double negatives (are you against banning capital punishment? - people are likely to get confused and put an answer they don't mean to). Also do not use double barrelled questions (do you suffer from sickness and headaches? - as someone may have headaches but no sickness etc).
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Open questions are harder to analyse as everyone has different feelings and experiences so every answer may be slightly different.
Closed questions are easier to analyse as the answer is pre decided, yet someones 4 (on a like hart) scale may be completely different to someone else 4, due to personal experiences.
Filler questions - include some irrelevant questions to distract the respondent from the main purpose of the questionnaire.
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Interviews;
Structured interview; Has pre-determined questions - it is essentially a questionnaire that is delivered face to face or over the phone. There is no deviation from the original questions.
Unstructured interview; New questions are developed during the course of the interview. The interviewer may begin with general aims and possibly a few pre determined questions but subsequent questions develop on the basis of the answers that are given.
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Design of the interview;
Recording the interview - The interviewer may make notes although they interfere with their listening skills. Alternatively interviews may be audio recorded or video recorded.
The effect of the interviewer - The presence of an interviewer who is interested in the respondents answers may increase the amount of information provided, even in an unstructured interview.
Non-verbal communication - Sitting with arms crossed, frowning with disapproval and disinterest would discourage someone from giving more information and may even stress the respondent, whereas nodding and leaning forward may help the respondent to be more open to giving information and help to calm the respondent down.
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Key terms;
Questionnaire; A set of written questions on a topic on which opinions are sought. These are frequently used in survey research in which information is gathered regarding people's attitudes and beliefs.
Open questions; Allow people to express what they think in their own words. Open-ended questions enable the respondent to answer in as much detail as they like.
Closed questions; Structure the answer by only allowing responses which fit into pre decided categories.
Quantitative data; Numerical data, for example; weight in Kg, reaction time in seconds etc.
Qualitative data; Descriptive data and regards phenomenon which can be observed but not measured, such as language.