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The Nazi experiment: Social developments and tensions - Coggle Diagram
The Nazi experiment: Social developments and tensions
Workers
'Strength through Joy' was created to organise workers' leisure time, such as picnics ad theme parks but this reminded unpopular.
July 1935, the Reich Labour Service (RAD) Act was passed, which forced very man between 18 and 25 to complete 6 months training in a camp.
1933, the DAF (German Labour Front) replaced take unions.
A saving scheme organised by the DAF, had workers put 5 Marks a week into a fund to buy a Volkswagen car but no worker every actually received one.
working class women lost economic stability as they lost their jobs.
Women
To encourage motherhood, birth control centres were closed, abortion was made illegal and mothers were awarded medals for the amount of children they had. - The Mothers Cross.
The 1933 'Law for the Reduction of Unemployment' offered allowances for women who gave up work.
A mixture of propaganda and legislation was used to teach that a woman's role was to be a mother.
Women were banned form senior positions in the Nazi leadership and Reichstag and discouraged from going to university.
However, from 1936 when a Labour shortage began to affect rearmament plans women were increasingly encouraged to return to factories and from 1943, women became eligable for conscription .
Idea of the 3 'k's - Kinder, Kuche, Kirche - kids, church, kitchen.
Young people
Teachers were controlled through the National Socialist Teachers' league which reinforced Nazi values.
Hitler Youth membership became compulsory in 1936 with a girls division called the League of German Maidens which trained girls for motherhood.
Nazi ideology was taught in schools, such as biology lessons being used to teach social Darwinism and History lessons emphasising German glories and military heroism.
Young people were encouraged to show uncritical devotion to Hitler and the state, even if that meant reporting friends or family.
Religon
A Protestant Reich Church was established in 1993 which embraced Nazism with gospels being purged of Jewish texts. However, 100 pastors refused to acknowledge the Reich Church and formed the Confessional Church in 1934. It didn't directly oppose Nazism yet hundreds of Confessional pastors were sent to concentration camps.
The Catholic Bishop Galen openly spoke out against the Nazi policy of euthanasia but there was no organised catholic opposition.
Hitler wanted to control the Church's power in society without directly attacking them.
Denazification
The Protestant Churches issued the 'Stuttgart Declaration' in 1945, admitting guilt and 'the failure to protest more courageously'.
In institutions in the Western zones denazification with teacher, university academics and educational administrators with links to Nazism often retaining their posts.
The occupying powers attempted to 'denazify', however this was largely pushed to the side in order to rebuild and move on.
The hunt for Nazis increased resentment against the occupying powers, particularly from the middle class as many saw themselves as victims of the Nazi regime and not complicit in it.
The soviets were more thorough in their removal of Nazis but skilled and valued professionals like doctors were allowed to continue practising.
'Biological' outsiders
The disabled were portrayed as burdens and in 1939 a euthanasia programme was set up which initially targeted children under 3 but was later extended to children up to 16. By 1946, 5,000 children had been murdered by this programme.
Euthansia
was laso practiced on adults in mental hospitals but was stopped in 1941 following Bishop Gallen's protests. However, continued in secret with around 50,000 mentally ill and physically disabled being murdered.
From July 1933, those suffering from hereditary illnesses could be sterilised ad the sterilised were forbidden to marry fertile partners.
The Roma and Sinti
were prosecuted for being 'racially inferior'. They were subject to racial tests and deported to Poland in 1940 to work in camps. 11,000 were murdered in Auschwitz.
The 1935 Nuremberg Laws
banned marriage between Jews and stripped them of German citizenship.
Kristallnacht, November 1938
, saw Jewish homes and businesses attacked.
6 million Jews were slaughtered in extermination camps as part of the 'Final Solution'.
Nazi beliefs
Extreme nationalism
Aryan racial puritism - the belief that the 'aryan race' was superior and 'pure'.
Anti-semitism
Autarky - idea of germany being self sufficent and not relying on imports from other countries.
Social darwinism - belief that some people are biologically inferior.
Dolchstoss / 'stab in the back' - belief that the jews caused germany to lose the war.
Lebensraum - belief that germany should have more land for the german people by invading.