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Sticky and Stringy - Coggle Diagram
Sticky and Stringy
Anatomy of the lower respiratory tract
Trachea and Larynx
Cartilages
Ligaments
Vertebraes
Membranes
Muscles
Bronchi
Right 3 divsions
Left 2 divisions
Bronchioles
Lined by cuboidal epithelia
Elastic fibers
Smooth muscles
Alveoli
Capillary beds
Connnective tissue
Mucous gland
cystic fibrosis
is caused by
non-frameshift mutation in CFTR gene in chromosome 7
leads to
chloride ions trapping in sweat ducts
causes
hypertonic sweat (salty swat)
chloride ions trapping in epithelial cells and water movement in
causes
hyper-viscous mucus and mucus plug formation
leads to
steatosis of the liver
pulmonary exacerbation
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pancreatic insufficiency
newborn complications
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infertility
is diagnosed by
chloride sweat test
followed by
gene sequencing
early detected by
screening test
which is
immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)
Acute Bronchiolitis
mainly caused by
RSV (Respiratory syncytial virus)
will reach
Bronchioles (main target)
will enters its RNA strand in the respiratory epithelial cells and translation process will occur and the virus will replicates
New viruses will invade nearby cells creating multinucleated syncytia and destroying others
Cellular destruction will attract
immune cells
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Complications
Hypoxemia
Patient will present with
Cough
Rapid breathing
Wheezing
low grade fever
Restrictive lung diseases
Divided into
Interstitial (intrinsic causes)
caused by
Intrapulmonary restriction due to inflammatory processes within the lung tissue
For example: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
Which is
Scarring of the lungs from an unknown cause
Pathogenesis
is diagnosed by
History (Dyspnea on exertion, cough, fatigue)
Physical examination
includes
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Images & Tests
include
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Extra-Pulmonary (extrinsic causes)
Include
Neuromuscular disorders (Guillain-Barré syndrome) affect the respiratory muscles
Pleural conditions (effusions, pleural scarring)
Chest wall disorders (scoliosis, severe obesity)
Pathogens Associated with CF
Includes (but not limited to)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Infects through (among others)
Pyocyanin
Exotoxin A
Alginate
Staphylococcus aureus
Infects through (among others)
Protein A
Proteases, Lipases, Hyaluronidase
Enterotoxins
Burkholderia cepacia complex
Infects through (among others)
Hemolysins
Catalase
Adherins
Aspergillus fumigatus
Infects through (among others)
Hyphae
Gliotoxin
Treatment
Consists of
Treatment of PF
Include
Pirfenidone
Nintedanib
Treatment of Bronchiolitis
Include
Oxygen therapy
Bronchodilator
Treatment of CF
Include
CFTR modulators
Antibiotic
Anti-inflammatory medication
Mucolytics
Bronchodilator
Alveolar Partial Pressures of Oxygen
Determined By
Rate of Alveolar Ventilation
Rate of O2 Consumption
