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antidaibetes drugs-pharmacological egents that are approved for…
antidaibetes drugs-pharmacological egents that are approved for hyperglycemic treatment in type to 2 diabetes mellitus
Mechanism of action
Alpha-glucosidace inhibitors-an enzyme that breaks down glucose for aborption,they delay the absorption of glucose
Biguamide metformin-it is effective in lowering blood glucose and does not cause hypoglycemia as the sulfonylureas do
-it distress the GI and associated with the development of lactic acid
-it decreases the production and increasing the uptake of glucose
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Human amylin-works to modulate gastric emptying after meal
-it prevent postmeal rise in glucagon that elevate glucose levels
DPP-4 inhibitors lina,saxa and sitgliptin-slow the breakdown of GLP-1 to improve the effects of increased insulin secreation ,decrease glucagon secreation
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Indications
THIAZOLIDINEDIONES pioglitazone and resiglitazone in combination with insulin are used in patient with insulin resistance
BIGUANIDE metformin- treatment of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) and used to children 10 years and above
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SIDE EFFECTS
Nausea,GI upset,Anorexia,Diarrhea,Lactic acidosis,Hypoglycemia and Heartburn
*PIOGLITAZONE-risk of bladder cancer if used fo a long time
*ROSIGLITAZONE-risk of cardiovascular problem
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
NURSING ASSESSMENT
-Assess the mentioned contraindications
-perform a complete physical assessment to establish the baseline status
-monitor glucose level to see the effectiveness of the drug
-investigate nutritional intake noting problems to pescribed nutrition
-monitor laboratory tests for dose adjustment and note signs of toxicity
NURSING DIAGNOSES
- Threat for unstable blood glucose linked to the ineffective dosing of the agents
-powerlessness
-imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements
- risk of disturbed sensory
IMPLEMENTATION WITH RATIONALE - Administer drugs as needed after food to ensure therapeutic effectiveness
-ensure hygine practice,patient has dietary and exrcise regimen
-assess nutritional statuses to consult if nutrition is needed
-arrange confortable measures to assist patient cope with drugs
-giv health education to the patient on effects and warning signs to report
EVALUATION
-assess patients response to drugs
-monitor adverse effects
-assess patient understanding of drugs by asking the name of the drug ,side effect to report
OBESITY DRUGS-
INDICATIONS
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LIRAGLUTIDE-used to manage type 2 diabetes in adults and children 10 years of age and older by lowering blood sugar levels
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SETMELANOTIDE-to treat obesity brought on by genetic POMC, PCSK1, LEPR, or Bardet-Biedl syndrome deficits.
mechanism of action
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LIRAGLUTIDE-decreases hunger, promotes fullness, and heightens satiety
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
NURSING ASSESSMENT
-assess the mentioned contraindications
-perform a complete physical assessment to check baseline status
-investigate nutritional intake noting problems to pescribe nutrition
-monitor body index to see effectiveness of the drug
-monitor laboratory test for dose adjustment
NURSING DAIGNOSES
- Disturbed body image related to family encouragement
of overeating
-imbalanced nutrition:less than body requirements related to food intake exceeds body needs
-impaired social isolation related to self-concept disturbance
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EVALUATION
-assess patients response to drugs
-monitor adverse effects
-assess patient understanding of drugs by asking the name of the drug ,side effect to report
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SIDE EFFECTS
headache,constipaion,bladder pain,body aches
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