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education-gender - Coggle Diagram

- - - - boys and girls now take the same subject/have the same choices
    - - aim is to encourage girls to get onto careers in science and technology
    - - still patriarchy
  - - - girls do better than boys in course work because they are more organised and conscientious
    - - gender gap in achievement increased in 1998 when GCSEs were introduced
        
        most of the subjects involve coursework
  - - - boys received more attention
        
        this is more because they are disciplined more
    - - teachers paid girls and boys equal attention for academic reasons
        
        however boys attracted more attention due to misbehaviour
    - - boys dominate class discussions and girls are better at listening and cooperating
      - teachers respond more positively to girls behaviour
        
        leading them to get more encouragement
  - - - schools have incentive to recruit more able student to boost their league table positions
        
        girls are seen as 'more able' so get recruited into better schools
        
        so better education and achieve more
- - - - most parents socialise boys and girls in different ways-tend to be more gentle with girls and boys are encouraged to run around
        
        might explain why boys do more active subjects and why girls do academic subjects
    - - teachers encourage boys to be tough,whereas they expect girls to be quite and helpful
    - - boys read info books,whereas girls read stories
    - - gender stereotyping in children's books
  - - - dominant ideas about masculinity
      - 'real men' are good at sport, so boys are under pressure to play sports to fit into their male peer group
        
        this doesn't apply to girls, and could explain why boys do more PE in their school carreers
      - Archer
        
        girls feel the need to 'look good' so could explain why it is mostly girls that do hair and beauty courses
  - - - activities are seen as either male or female
      - gender domains are set during primary socialisation
    - - boys and girls had a task to design a boat
        
        boys made battleships
        
        girls made cruiships
- - - - reported as claiming that boys fall behind as school has become overly feminised
      - school no loner embodies male traits such as leadership and competition
    - - school is not feminine as women teachers often use a male discipline discourse
    - - school has become focussed on a feminised education but is putting time into underachieving boys and not so much girls
        
        e.g. the raising boys achievement
  - - - boys are concerned about being labelled as 'smart' by their peers as this threatens their masculinity
    - - pro-school wc boys were likely to be harrassed,labelled as 'gay' by their peers and subjected to verbal abuse from peers
  - - - since the 1980s many trad manual labour jobs have now been outsourced to other countries
        
        now less trad masculine jobs in the UK leading boys to feel that they will not get a job when they leave school
        
        so won't try in school
  - - - now a moral panic in society about boys underachievement
        
        now educational policies targeting boys achievement e.g.reading champions
        
        encouraging parents to get more involved in their sons education
- - - - 1970s-girls priorities-love and marriage 1990s-careers and independence
      - feminism made it possible for girls to have realistic ambitions,e.g. equal pay act
      - if girls are able to have realistic ambitions it provides them more motivation to work hard in school
      - mainly used magazines for her study
        
        wc typically don't have money to buy magazines and magazines are very outdated
      - also fails to explain why girls are doing better
    - - found that girls today value independence and there is an increase in individualisation
    - - today-a career is part of a women's identity and they aspire to be self reliant so will try harder in school
    - - there is still patriarchy in society and many women do not achieve their ambitions
      - some women aspire to be 'trad wives'
  - - - female role models
    - - may feel pressure to do better if only child
      - more time to spend on career
    - - more money to self
  - - - introduced in 1970 to make sure female and male pay is equal
    - - increased further equality and employment opportunities for women
- - - - have a boyfriend as a status symbol
      - be loud,assertive and outspoken
      - hyper heterosexual identity