Enzymes can affect the structures in organisms as they are involved in the production of collagen as well as the connective tissue which allows for the functions like in respiration.

Enzymes have an active site which is specific to the shape of the substrate ad are therefore , highly specific

Enzymes lower the energy need for a reaction to happen. without an enzyme , the temperature would need to be lowered just for the speed of the reaction to increase.

If a substrate molecule needs to be joined , then the enzyme can hold them together by reducing the repulsion between the molecule so they can bond easily

If an enzyme is catalysing a reaction , then the active site will put a strain on the bond and makes it easier for the substrate molecule to break up

The lock and key model states that enzymes have high specificity. this means that they will lock i the same way as a lock and key. However , scientists now belive that they fit together in something refer to as the Induced fit model. This model states that they are infact not highly specific until a conformational changed is forced upon the active site by the substrate

Enzymes are highly specific nzd can only catalyse one reaction

The active site is determined by the tertiary structure of the protein.

Each enzyme has a different tertiary structure which will determine the different shape of the enzyme and will therefore allow it to catalyse specific substrates.

If the shape becomes altered, this is refer to as becoming denatured. the substrate will no longer fit and will therefore not be able to carry out its function.