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Rocks, the rock cycle and soil - Coggle Diagram
Rocks, the rock cycle and soil
Igneous rock
Comes from magma that has cooled into solid rock
Solidfication
When magma cools
Extrusive igneous rock
Lava(magma outside of the surface) that has cooled into a solid
Intrusive igneous rock
Magma(that stays inside the Earth's crust)that has cooled into solid rock
Granite
What are igneous rocks made of?
Minerals
Crystalline
The crystals are large enough for us to see with the naked eye
Sedimentary rocks and fossils
What are sedimentary rocks?
Made from small pieces of other rocks stuck together
Very small pieces of rock
Sediments
Form in layers
Types of sedimentary rock
Shale
Formed of very fine-grained sediments
Lime stone
Made from layers of shells
Sandstone
A sedimentary rock which consists of sand grains stuck together
Fossils
The preserved remains of animals and plants that we find in sedimentary rocks
Soft parts of the animals rot away
Minerals in the water replace the bones of the animal
Minerals harden into rock
Metamorphic rocks and the rock cycle
What are metamorphic rocks?
Existing rocks that have been changed
Types of metamorphic rock
Quartzite
Heated sandstone
Marble
Heated limestone
Slate
Under pressure shale
Gneiss
Heated granite
The rock cycle
Soil
Types of soil
Sandy soil
Rough and crumbly
Contain a lot of water and air
Water can drain through the sand easily
Clay soil
Very small particles
Tightly packed together
Smooth and sticky
Absorb and hold water easily
Loam
Dark brown colour