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Irish Civil War 1922-23 PT.2 - Coggle Diagram
Irish Civil War 1922-23 PT.2
Violence and executions
24th Nov Childers executed for possesion of weapon-major blow for anti treaty side
Irregulars began to identify and execute PG members of Dail-counter response 4 leading rep prisoners executed-O'Connor Dec 8th
sobering effect, and no further assassination attempts + morale shattered
1923 Irregulars began to attack property of gov supported + railroads
January
34 executions
arrest of Liam Deasy, Lynch's deputy-threatened w/ execution he wrote famous letter pleading w/ Lynch to surrender
morale of Irregulars decreased again
Free State army 50,000+
real resistance in Kerry, General Paddy Daly to flush out-accused of going OTT, gave locals more supp to Irregulars
March
Lynch killed in Limerick
Irregulars will to fight left
Irregulars in Kerry showed equal fanaticism + war exploded in Kerry-series of atrocities and terrible bitterness
Aftermath
war effectively ended May 24th 1923
before tried to get ceasefire but turned down by PG, Lynch's successor called Irregulars to drop arms
3000 died
heavy financial burden on new Free State, + massive psychological burden
loss of Collins=man who had issue with partition gone
Boundary Commission came to nothing-no change, and this accepted for a release from liability for some of Br's public debt
Economic problems
war cost £17m + £30m worth of damage + infrastructure
Political aftermath
first post-war election Aug 1923
DeV abandoned old party name, back to SF
Cosgrave formed new pro-treaty party
Cosgrave-39% vote + 63 seats
SF 27% + 44 seats
Cosgrave formed first post-CW gov-President
SF continued with policy of abstention
DeV arrested Aug 1923 + not released until July 1924
Free State army cut to 20,000, army nearly mutinied in March 1924 but stopped
Reasons for Victory of Free State army
support of the people + Catholic bishops in Oct 1922
supplied with Br guns + munitions, financial resources of state behind it and plenty of recruits
June 1923-50,000 soldiers
Collins + National Army commanders showed more initiative and decisiveness than Irregulars-defensive positions
Special Powers Act 1922-allowed execution of prisoners-77 + unofficial killings-Kerry killings of March 1923
Irish people war-weary-Anglo Irish War