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Heart Failure - Coggle Diagram
Heart Failure
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Heart Failure Causes
Hypertension leading to LVH
- Coronary circulation unable to meet demand
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy: less filling space due to enlarged LV
Cor pulmonale
- Right-side heart failure due to pulmonary issues
- COPD-hypoxia-pulmonary vasoconstriction-increased workload on R-side of heart
Ischemic heart disease
- Heart tissue compromised, unable to generate adequate pressure
Pulmonary embolism
- Acute RV failure due to increased pulmonary artery pressure
Cardiac infection
- Endocarditis, myocarditis
Dysrhythmias
- Irregular heart rhythm may precipitate failure
Cardiomyopathies
- Ischemic: Myocardial fibrosis and scarring of heart
- Dilated: Enlargement of ventricles
- Restrictive: Can not fill
- Hypertrophic:LV muscle enlarged, encroaches on ejection of blood into aorta
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Mitral regurgitation (insufficiency) - Valve does not close properly, backward flow into right atrium (decreased blood ejected from LV)
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Terms
Afterload:
Resistance that heart pumps against,
Increased afterload reduces cardiac output
Contractility:
Force of contraction
Increased preload increases contractility (to a
point)
SNS activation increases contractility
High afterload reduces contractility
Preload:
Amount heart is filled per beat (EDV: end-diastolic volume),
Increased EDV leads to increased SV (to a point)
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