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Particle family tree, Properties of Particles, Force Interactions,…
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Force Interactions
Strong: Only affects Hadrons, responsible for keeping Protons and Neutrons together in the Nucleus
Gravitational: Only affects particles with (non-negligible) mass, has infinite range
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Lepton and Baryon number, charge, energy and mass all must be conserved in all interactions
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Photoelectric Effect
The Photoelectric Effect occurs when Electromagnetic Radiation hits the surface of a piece of metal while it is above a certain frequency (Threshold Frequency)
This causes electrons to be emitted from the Metal's surface (at a rate Proportional to the EM beam's intensity
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f(min) = work function/h
Since a beam at threshold frequency would produce electrons of no energy, E(max) is equal to 0 and doesn't need to be included
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Decay
Alpha Decay
Emits 1 Helium Atom's Nucleus (2P, 2N) and some energy
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Penetration = Little, stopped by sheets of paper
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Beta Decay
Emits either an electron or a positron, and some energy
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Penetration = Moderate, stopped by Aluminium (plating)
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Gamma Decay
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Penetration = Extensive, needing to be stopped by thick lead or concrete
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Particles are repulsive up to 0.5fm, and are attractive between 0.5 and 3fm