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GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM: - Coggle Diagram
GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM:
Die Brucke- formed in Dresden (1905)
The group aimed to eschew the prevalent traditional academic style and find a new mode of artistic expression, which would form a bridge (hence the name) between the past and the present.
They responded both to past artists such as Albrecht Dürer, Matthias Grünewald and Lucas Cranach the Elder, as well as contemporary international avant-garde movements.
They revived older media, particularly woodcut prints, as part of their affirmation of their national heritage.
Die Brucke is regarded as a pivotal figure in the German Expressionist movement, despite the fact that they did not use the term "expressionist."
Famous Artists:
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (Former)
Emil Nolde
Max Pechstein
Otto Mueller
Characteristics:
The affiliated artists often turned to simplified or distorted forms,
Unusually strong, unnatural colors to jolt the viewer and provoke an emotional response.
The Brücke aimed to eschew the prevalent traditional academic style and find a new mode of artistic expression, which would form a bridge (hence the name) between the past and the present.
The group is frequently compared to both Primitivism and Fauvism because of their use of high-keyed, non-naturalistic colour to express extreme emotion, similar to the Fauvists, and a crude drawing technique that eschewed complete abstraction, similar to the Primitivists.
Focus on emotion and ideas as inspiration. The basis of the movement came in stark contrast with other movements that preceded it, which focused on more accurate depictions of reality and nature.
Die Brücke artists were protesting the hypocrisy and materialism of those in power, focusing on the negative effects of industrialization and urban alienation.
The tensions that led to World War I heightened the discomfort and anxiety reflected in the works of Die Brücke artists.
Der Blaue Reiter- formed in Munich (1911)
Famous Artists:
Vassily Kandinsky
Kandinsky fuelled his elimination of representational elements with his interest in theosophy (a religious and philosophical belief system incorporating a wide range of tenets from, among other sources, Buddhism and mysticism) and the occult, as well as with advances in the sciences
He believed [that artists] must express the spirit and their innermost feelings by orchestrating colour, form, line, and space.
Kadinsky conveyed feelings with colour juxtapositions, intersecting linear elements, and implied spatial relationships. Ultimately, Kandinsky saw these abstractions as evolving blueprints for a more enlightened and liberated society emphasizing spirituality
Franz Marc
He grew increasingly pessimistic about the state of humanity, especially as World War I loomed on the horizon.
His perception of human beings as deeply flawed led him to turn to the animal world for his subjects.
In his quest to imbue his paintings with greater emotional intensity, Marc focused on color and developed a system of correspondences between specific colors and feelings or ideas.
Marc’s attempts to create, in a sense, an iconography (or representational system) of color linked him to other avant-garde artists struggling to redefine the practice of art.
Animals, he believed, were more pure than humanity and thus more appropriate as a vehicle to express an inner truth
Kathe Kollwitz
The graphic art of Gauguin and Munch stimulated a revival of the print medium in Germany, especially the woodcut, and these proved inspiring models.
Kollwitz worked in a variety of printmaking techniques, including woodcut, lithography, and etching, and explored a range of issues from the overtly political to the deeply personal.
Egon Schiele
was an Austrian painter
His work is noted for its intensity, as well as for the many self-portraits he produced. The twisted body shapes and expressive line that characterize Schiele's paintings and drawings mark the artist as an early exponent of Expressionism.
Schiele explored themes not only of the human form, but also of human sexuality. Many viewed Schiele's work as being grotesque, erotic, pornographic, or disturbing, focusing on sex, death, and discovery.
Characteristics:
Produced paintings that captured their feelings in visual form while also eliciting intense visceral responses from viewers
A shared desire to express spiritual truths through their art.
Der Blaue Reiter as a group believed in the promotion of modern art, the connection between visual art and music, the spiritual and symbolic associations of colour, and a spontaneous, intuitive approach to painting.
Members were interested in European medieval art and primitivism, as well as the contemporary, non-figurative art scene in France. As a result of their encounters with cubist, fauvist and Rayonist ideas, they moved towards abstract art
The flattened perspective and reductive forms of woodcut helped put the artists, especially Kandinsky, on the path toward abstraction in their painting.
Both shared an interest in abstracted forms and prismatic colors, which, they felt, had spiritual values that could counteract the corruption and materialism of their age.
they selected the name because of their mutual interest in the colour blue and horses
1905-1920 (start of the 20th century)
WW1:
1914-1918
Avant-garde art style
before
World War 1
Remained popular in Weimar Republic (particularly in Berlin)
Expressionist films arose from Germany's relative isolation during the 1910s, and they quickly became popular due to the government's ban on foreign films. The films' appeal quickly spread to an international audience, and by the early 1920s, many European filmmakers were experimenting with German cinema's absurd and wild aesthetics.
Characteristics:
emphasized subjective experience
Manipulating perspective for emotional effect in order to evoke mood or emotions or sometimes even ideas.
Sought to express meaning or emotional experience rather than physical reality.
The movement, by definition, was interested in the relationship between art and society, and it encompassed a wide range of disciplines, including architecture, painting, and film.
German Expressionists where inspired by:
Edvard Munch
Vincent van Gogh
and several African artists.
They were also aware of the Fauvist movement in Paris, which influenced Expressionism's tendency toward arbitrary colours and jarring compositions