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Therapeutic Approaches - Coggle Diagram
Therapeutic Approaches
CBT
Theory
Learning Theories often explain mechanisms of fear & avoidance of the traumatic memory associated with PTSD - artless on warm being used to undo PTSD?
Ellis & Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT): Turning irrational beliefs that cause psychological distress into rational ones. Irrational beliefs are based on past experiences and govern our actions/reactions. E.g. perfectionists
Beck & CBT: noted depressed people often sick in cognitive triad. Distorted negative thinking becomes automatic, pushing them into the triad. These stem from past traumas (e.g. abuse, rejection, bullying), which leads to self-schemas/expectations that reinforce distorted perceptions.
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Systemic
Treatments
Systemic Psychotherapy
Emphasis that a family or community plays a vital role in its own recovery and psychological health. As such families, couples, or members of organisations are directly involved in their own therapy to resolve an issue, and individual participants can begin transforming their own behaviours to be more adaptive and productive
Effective communication is a key tool in this treatment. Dialogue is constructed to build knowledge, strength and support for the entire entity.
Nondirective, multifaceted treatment that helps attain positive relationships, secure interrelationships, and overall well-being
Helps groups gain insight into how each member's role may affect its functionality {organisations, communities, businesses)
Found effective for anxiety, body image issues, eating issues, depression, substance abuse, relationship issues
Family systems therapy
Dr Murray Bowen developed family systems theory in 1960's. Later popularised into family systems therapy.
Family viewed as an emotional unit. Individuals cannot be fully understood in isolation, but rather must be viewed as part of their family of origin
Familial relationship, patterns, communication, and behaviours are examined within and beyond therapy sessions, to then inform learning new behaviours.
Theory
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Roots in biological sciences - viewing an individual/group as part of its own ecosystem with many moving parts that affect each other
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Criticism
Criticism: Neglects the past perspective when addressing issues. Looking at individual's history may be crucial to reaching a solution
Formulaions
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What is it?
A joint effort to summarise your difficulties in a way that helps you make sense of them. Similar to putting together a jigsaw of feelings, experiences, relationships, etc.
A way to fully understand the problem, to know how best to intervene and support someone in their current situation
Patient themselves should be actively involved by being able to question & contribute, to feel ownership
Requires ability to integrate the synthesis of data and highlight relevant predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating and protective factors
Another term for a case summary, type of risk assessment, process to give clinical protection, strctured to support MDT and patient towards the most suitable and effective interventions, enables costs/budgets to be calculated more effectively
Links connections between individual characteristics, experiences and behaviours
6 governing principles
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Concise (clear & accessible, without jargon)
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Collaborative (MDT, patient, family & carers)
Process
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2) Develop initial case formulation on "working" hypothesis (incl. predisposing, precipitating, maintaining, protective)
3) Experiments to test initial formulation (e.g. use of thought record to test whether procrastination stems from perfectionistic beliefs), and revise formulation based on outcome
4) Continued testing & revision with the goal of targeting mechanisms involved in the onset and maintenance of problems, used to guide clinical decision making
Components
1) Problems: Psychological symptoms and features of a disorder, and related problems in various areas of life—social, interpersonal, academic, occupational
2) Mechanisms: Psychological factors—cognitive, behavioral—that cause or maintain the client’s problems. Mechanisms are the primary treatment targets.
3) Origins: Distal factors or processes that lead to the mechanisms and thereby predispose the client to developing certain psychological symptoms and problems.
4) Precipitants: Proximal factors that trigger or worsen the client’s symptoms and problems. Precipitants can be internal—physiological symptoms that trigger a panic attack—or external—a stressful life event that triggers a depressive episode