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Chapter 6 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 6
Synapse formation
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Electrical signals travel down axon and trigger release of neurotransmitters which diffuse across the space and binds to receptors
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Defects in molecules that work together to promote proper synapse formation cause disorders like autism and degradation of synapses during aging
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Paring back
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Neurons are removed via apoptosis, or programmed cell death
Cell death is activated when neurons doesn't receive enough life sustaining chemicals called trophic factors
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Pruning of excess connection occur when connections with little activity are lost over time while active connections survive
Formation and Induction
During early stages of embryonic development, 3 layers emerge
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Protein defects caused premature switch from symmetric to asymmetric division of cells, causing microcephaly, reduction in brain size
Excessive proliferation causes megalencephaly, or a brain that is abnormally large and heavy
Forming connections
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A developing axon grows by the extension of its growth cone, an enlargement at the tip to actively explore the environment
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Migration
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Exposure to alcohol, cocaine, or radiation can prevent proper migration and cause misplacement of cells, leading to intellectual disability
Myelination
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Regularly space gaps called nodes of Ranvier allow electrical signals to move down an axon even faster
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