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Atomic Structure & Separation Techniques, Separation techniques -…
Atomic Structure & Separation Techniques
Diffusion
Heavier particles require more energy to move and hence do not travel fast. The Ammonia travels twice as fast as the hydrochloric acid so they don't meet in the middle
Ammonia and hydrochloric acid diffuse from a high concentration in the cotton wool to a low concentration
Smoke is formed at red cross (Where substance come in contact)
As temperature increases, the rate of diffusion increases too as the particles gain more kinetic energy, they mix with each other faster
Concentration
The Atom
The 4 "S"s
Solvent
A liquid where a solute dissolves
Examples
Salt, Sugar
Solute
The dissolved substance
Examples
Water, Ethanol
Solution
A
mixture
of a
solute
and a
solvent
Examples
Salt water, Ink
Saturated solution
A solution where the
solute
can't dissolve anymore
Examples
Fizzy drinks, Very salty water
Separation techniques
Filtration
Filtration is used to separate an
insoluble
solid from a liquid
Method
Pour the mixture into a funnel lined filter paper.The liquid will past through into the conical flask below but the solute should stay in the filter paper
Results/observations
A pure solvent should be obtained
Crystallisation
Crystallisation is used to separate a soluble
Method
Leave the solution for a few days in a petri dish and wait for the liquid to evaporate. To speed up the process, gently heat up the solution.
Results/observations
Only solid crystals of the solute should be left
Simple distillation
Fractional distillation
Distillation can be used to separate a solute from a solvent if we want to KEEP the solute
