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PROTEINS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - DEFINITION: Albumin is a protein made by your liver. Albumin enters your bloodstream and helps keep fluid from leaking out of your blood vessels into other tissues. It is also carries hormones, vitamins, and enzymes throughout your body. Without enough albumin, fluid can leak out of your blood and build up in your lungs, abdomen (belly), or other parts of your body.
      - EXAMPLE: An albumin blood test is used to check your general health and to see how well your liver and kidneys are working. If your liver is damaged or you're not well nourished, your liver may not make enough albumin. If your kidneys are damaged, they may let too much albumin leave your body in urine (pee).
    - - DEFINITION: Globulins are a group of proteins in your blood. They are made in your liver by your immune system. Globulins play an important role in liver function, blood clotting, and fighting infection.
      - EXAMPLE: Globulin tests can be used to help diagnose a variety of conditions. Liver damage or disease, Kidney disease, Nutritional problems, Certain autoimmune disorders, and Certain types of cancer.
    - - DEFINITION: A histone is a protein that provides structural support for a chromosome. Each chromosome contains a long molecule of DNA, which must fit into the cell nucleus. To do that, the DNA wraps around complexes of histone proteins, giving the chromosome a more compact shape. Histones also play a role in the regulation of gene expression.
      - EXAMPLE: Histones bind to DNA, help give chromosomes their shape, and help control the activity of genes.
  - - - DEFINITION: Collagen is a type of protein. In fact, it’s the most abundant structural protein in animals. A structural protein is one that makes up the structure or framework of your cells and tissues
      - EXAMPLE: Collagen help keep your skin looking smooth, even, and healthy. To improve an uneven complexion, collagen is the answer. Collagen's amino acids can also help minimize the appearance of dark spots and scars from acne or other skin issues.
    - - DEFINITION: Elastin is one of the most abundant proteins in your body. It’s a stretchy protein that resembles a rubber band — it can stretch out (extend) and shrink back (recoil). It’s a major component of tissues in your body that require stretchiness, like your lungs, bladder, large blood vessels and some ligaments. Smaller amounts exist in your skin and ear cartilage.
      - EXAMPLE: Elastin allows your lungs to work like an elastic bag. When you breathe in, your diaphragm contracts (tightens). Your lungs create potential energy as they contract, and the elastic tissues in your lungs store that potential energy. When you breathe out, the potential energy in your lungs is released as your lungs shrink back.
    - - DEFINITION: Keratin is a protein that helps form hair, nails and your skin’s outer layer (epidermis). It helps support your skin, heal wounds and keep your nails and hair healthy.
      - EXAMPLE: Keratin exists in different forms like α-keratin and β-keratin. α-Keratin is usually found in soft tissues like sheep wool, skin, and hair, while β-keratin is found in hard tissues like bird feathers, horns, claws, and hooves : :
- - - - DEFITION: Coagulation is defined as the change in the structure of protein (from a liquid form to solid or a thicker liquid) brought about by heat, mechanical action or acids.
      - EXAMPLE: egg whites that turn from clear to white when heated and bread dough that rises and forms into loaves when baked.
    - - DEFINITION: Proteans (or the Proteus effect) are unpredictable, subtle, often subconscious, flirting signals, such as a woman's touching of her hair when first meeting a man.
      - EXAMPLE: Social phobias—for example, fear of scrutiny by others—resemble the intense discomfort elicited in primates introduced into a new colony or in any animal simply
    - - DEFINITION: a derived protein obtained by the action of acids or alkalis, soluble in weak acids or alkalis but insoluble in neutral solutions
      - EXAMPLE: albuminate
  - - - DEFINITION: is any of various water-soluble compounds that are produced during in-vitro or in-vivo hydrolytic breakdown of proteins a little before producing amino acids.
      - EXAMPLE: Proteoses are products of acid proteolysis which precipitate with saturating ammonium sulfate
    - - DEFINITION: helps initiate muscle growth, prevents muscle breakdown, a high-quality fuel.
      - EXAMPLES: It is commonly used for the diagnosis or treatment of acetaminophen poisoning, acne , acidifying urine
    - - DEFINITION: A peptide is a short chain of amino acids. The amino acids in a peptide are connected to one another in a sequence by bonds called peptide bonds. Typically, peptides are distinguished from proteins by their shorter length, although the cut-off number of amino acids for defining a peptide and protein can be arbitrary.
      - EXAMPLE: the hormone oxytocin, glutathione (stimulates tissue growth), melittin (honey bee venom), the pancreatic hormone insulin, and glucagon (a hyperglycemic factor).