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Proteins - Coggle Diagram
Proteins
Simple
Globular
-One of the most common protein shapes is spherical ("globe-like") proteins, also known as globular proteins or spheroproteins. Globular proteins, unlike fibrous or membrane proteins, are generally water-soluble (forming colloids in water).
Albumin
-a protein made by your liver. Albumin enters your bloodstream and helps keep fluid from leaking out of your blood vessels into other tissues. It is also carries hormones, vitamins, and enzymes throughout your body.
Globulin
-a group of proteins in your blood. They are made in your liver by your immune system. Globulins play an important role in liver function, blood clotting, and fighting infection. There are different types of globulins called alpha, beta, and gamma globulins
Histones
-a protein that provides structural support for a chromosome. Each chromosome contains a long molecule of DNA, which must fit into the cell nucleus. To do that, the DNA wraps around complexes of histone proteins, giving the chromosome a more compact shape.
Fibrous
-made up of polypeptide chains that are elongated and fibrous in nature or have a sheet like structure. These fibers and sheets are mechanically strong and are water insoluble. They are often structural proteins that provide strenth and protection to cells and tissue.
Collagen
-the most abundant protein in the body. Its fiber-like structure is used to make connective tissue. Like the name implies, this type of tissue connects other tissues and is a major component of bone, skin, muscles, tendons, and cartilage.
-one of the most abundant proteins in your body. It's a stretchy protein that resembles a rubber band — it can stretch out (extend) and shrink back (recoil). It's a major component of tissues in your body that require stretchiness, like your lungs, bladder, large blood vessels and some ligaments.
Keratin
-a protein that your body produces naturally, and it helps keep your hair, skin and nails healthy and strong. Your body produces keratin naturally, but keratin shampoos and conditioners that contain keratin hydrolysates may strengthen your hair and improve its appearance.
Derived
Primary
Coagulated Proteins
-the change in the structure of protein (from a liquid form to solid or a thicker liquid) brought about by heat, mechanical action or acids. Enzymes may also cause protein coagulation e.g. cheese making.
Proteans
-a Treasure Hunter reward that can be used to earn Cooking experience. They can be used on any range or fire to do protean cooking, which yields cooking experience but no cooked protein. 60 protean protein can be used at once in the Make-X interface.
Metaproteins
-Nondescript term for a derived protein obtained by the action of acids or alkalis, soluble in weak acids or alkalis but insoluble in neutral solutions; e.g., albuminate.
Secondary
Proteoses
-any of various water-soluble compounds that are produced during digestion by the hydrolytic breakdown of proteins short of the amino acid stage.
Peptones
-water-soluble protein hydrolysates, containing peptides, amino acids, and inorganic salts as well as other compounds, such as lipids, vitamins, and sugars.
Peptides
-a short chain of amino acids (typically 2 to 50) linked by chemical bonds (called peptide bonds). A longer chain of linked amino acids (51 or more) is a polypeptide. The proteins manufactured inside cells are made from one or more polypeptides.
Conjugated
Nucleoproteins
-conjugated protein consisting of a protein linked to a nucleic acid, either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). The protein combined with DNA is commonly either histone or protamine; the resulting nucleoproteins are found in chromosomes.
Glycoproteins
-molecules that comprise protein and carbohydrate chains that are involved in many physiological functions including immunity. Many viruses have glycoproteins that help them enter bodily cells, but can also serve to be important therapeutic or preventative targets.
Mucoproteins
-the proteins that are the building blocks of mucus, which is a protective barrier to the epithelia of cells. It is semipermeable, so it acts as a barrier to most bacteria and pathogens, while allowing for the uptake of nutrients, water, and hormones.
Lipoproteins
-particles made of protein and fats (lipids). They carry cholesterol through your bloodstream to your cells. The two main groups of lipoproteins are called HDL (high-density lipoprotein) or "good" cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) or "bad" cholesterol. Lipoprotein (a) is a type of LDL.
Phosphoproteins
-a protein, as casein or ovalbumin, in which one or more hydroxyl groups of serine, threonine, or tyrosine are hydroxylated.
Chromoproteins
-composed of simple proteins with chromotropic group as prosthetic group. Examples include hemoglobin (prosthetic group is heme), flavoproteins (prosthetic group is riboflavin), cytochrome (prosthetic group is heme).
Metalloproteins
-a generic term for a protein that contains a metal ion cofactor. A large proportion of all proteins are part of this category. For instance, at least 1000 human proteins (out of ~20,000) contain zinc-binding protein domains although there may be up to 3000 human zinc metalloproteins.