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2.2 Organisation in Animals - Coggle Diagram
2.2 Organisation in Animals
The respiratory system
The lungs
Alveoli
Adapted for exchange: capillary network, large surface area, thin, moist
Oxygen enters blood vessels at alveoli and is transported to the heart via the pulmonary vein
The circulatory system
The heart
Main blood vessels of the heart: pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, aorta, vena cava, coronary arteries
Pacemaker: controls resting heart rate
Blood vessels: arteries, veins, capillaries
Double circulatory system: right ventricle to lungs and left ventricle to body
Blood
Main. components: plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets
Health and disease
Non-communicable diseases
e.g. heart disease
Cancer
Carcinogens: chemicals, ionising radiation, viruses
Communicable diseases
Pathogens: viral/bacterial
Risk factors
Increase the chance of disease
Diet, exercise, drug/alcohol consumption, environment, stresses
The digestive system
Function: to break down and absorb food
Bile
Aids lipid breakdown
Bile is alkaline. It is used to neutralise stomach acid. Allows optimum pH.
Enzymes
Work best at optimum temperature and pH
'Lock and key' theory
Carbohydrase (amylase), protease, lipase