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Unit 2 Challenges to religious belief - Coggle Diagram
Unit 2 Challenges to religious belief
A The Problem of Evil and Suffering
Types of evil
The nature of God
The logical problem of evil
Epicurus (Epicurean Paradox)
J..L Mackie (Inconsistent Triad)
The evidential problem
William Rowe
Gregory S. Paul
Religious Responses to the PofE
B The Augustinian Type Theodicy
Evil as a consequence of sin
Evil as a privation
The Fall of human beings and creation
The cross overcomes evil
Soul-deciding
Moral Evil
Natural Evil
Challenges
Validity of Genesis 2&3
Scientific error
Moral contradictions (benevolence & hell)
Contradictions of perfect order becoming chaotic
Augustine of Hippo
Strengths
C The Irenaean Type Theodicy
Vale of soul-making
Humans created imperfect
John Hick
Irenaeus
Epistemic distance
Second-order goods
Escatalogical verification
Challenges
Concepts of universal salvation
Evil & suffering should not be used by omnibenevolent God
Immensity of suffering and unequal distribution of evil and suffering
Defending Irenaeus
Richard Swinburne
John Hick
Strengths
What is theodicy?
D Religious belief as a product of the human mind: Freud
Religion as an illusion/ neurosis (reference collective neurosis)
Primal horde (totem, taboo)
Oedipus Complex
Wish fulfilment and reaction against helplessness
Supportive evidence
Redirection of guilt complexes
Wolf Man
Little Hans
Instinctive desires deriving from evolutionary basis
Challenges
Lack of anthropological evidence for primal horde
No firm psychological evidence for (universal) Oedipus Complex
Evidence base too narrow
E Religious belief as a product of the human mind: Jung
Religion necessary for personal growth
Collective unconscious (primordial)
Individuation
Archetypes
The God within
Supportive evidence
Religion as a source of comfort
Positive personal and social mindsets arising from religious belief
Challenges
Lack of empirical evidence
Reductionist views regarding religious belief
F Issues relating to the rejection of religion: Atheism
Rejection of belief in deities
The difference between agnosticism and atheism
The rise of New Atheism (antitheism)
Main criticism
Non-thinking
infantile worldview
impedes scientific progress
Religious responses to challenge of New Atheism
Incompatibility of science & religion
Increase of fundamentalist religious activity
Increase religious apologists in media