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BIOLOGY - ORGANISATION - Coggle Diagram
BIOLOGY - ORGANISATION
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Enzymes
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The Lock and Key Hypothesis:
- The shape of the substrate is complementary to the shape of the active site, so when they bond, it forms an enzyme-substrate complex
- Once bound, the reaction takes place and the products are released from the surface of the enzyme
Enzymes require an optimum pH (usually 7 but some in the stomach are lower) and temperature (around 37 degrees C)
The rate of reaction will increase as the temperature increases up to the optimum, but above this the temperature will rapidly decrease and the reaction will stop
When the temperature becomes too hot, the bonds in the enzyme structure will break. This changes the shape of the active site so the substrate will no longer fit. We say the enzyme is denatured
If the pH is too high or low, the forces that hold the amino acid chain will be affected, the active site shape will change (...) enzyme is denatured
Specific enzymes
Carbohydrases: break down carbohydrates into simple sugars
- ie amylase, breaks down starch into maltose
- produced in salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine
Proteases: break down proteins into amino acids
- ie pepsin, produced in stomach
- other proteases produced in pancreas and small intestine
Lipases: convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
- produced in the pancreas and small intestine
Soluble glucose, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids pass into the bloodstream to be carried to all cells in the body, to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, and some glucose is used in respiration
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