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Week 1 - Intro - Coggle Diagram
Week 1 - Intro
1.3. How do we study grammar (descriptively)?
Linguistics is an empirical science.
Empirical: Linguistics looks at observable data.
Science: Linguistics follows the scientific method.
E - language vs. I - language
E - language
External manifestations of our linguistic ability.
I - language
Our internalized linguistic ability.
What does I - language encompass?
Linguistic Performance
You know how to use your language..
Linguistic Competence
Implicit knowledge of grammar that underlies performance.
Competence vs. Perfomance
Performance = imperfect version of Competence.
1.1 What is language?
Language = cognitive property of human beings.
several sub-systems:
Coordinate sound articulators (Phonetics).
Organize sounds into categories (Phonology).
These sub - systems comprise grammar.
1.2 What is grammar?
Prescriptive vs. Descriptive grammar.
Prescriptive grammar: govern proper language use.
i.e. don't use contractions.
Do not reflect how people actually speak.
Descriptive grammar: Characterize what is possible and impossible in a language.