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Scientific Theories Lesson 21/03/23 - Coggle Diagram
Scientific Theories Lesson 21/03/23
Deductive
If the truth of the conclusion is fully established by the premises, then the argument is valid and certain - true or false based on reason - a priori approach
Inductive
The premises support the conclusion, but doesn't logically guarantee it - they are probable - based on experience not human reason - a prosteriori approach
What is the biggest reason why some people claim why God does not exist?
Big Bang Theory
Evolution/Natural Selection
Charles Darwin
Studied medicine before deciding he wanted to be ordained
Offered a place abroad HMS beagle in 1831 to explore wildlife in South America
He returned convinced that by studying the animals he had observed, that one species must develop out of another
This led to his theory of Natural Selection - his famous paper
'On the origins of the species'
Theory of natural selection
If you make adulthood, they are able to breed so characteristics are then passed onto the next generation
Over generations, characteristics which improve the chance of survival will be found in more individuals within the species
Some species have particular characteristics to help them survive better than others
Overtime, the characteristics of a species are gradually modified to help reach survival in a specific environment
Charles Darwin
Animal/plant reproduction rates are always controlled by the lack of food/space
Only those with the best adapted characteristics would go on to survive - the mechanism of natural selection
People had long bred domestic animals to encourage particular characteristics
This challenged the notion of purpose in creation
Comparing nineteenth-century christian responses to Darwin's theory of evolution
Church of England
:
Scientific representatives generally ridiculed the theory
They claimed it was simply a way of turning humans into beasts, which of course it was because it is now rather obvious that humans are beasts:genetics show incontrovertibly that humans are apes + share ancestors
Liberal Anglicans
:
Most Liberal Anglicans admired the theory
God initiated evolution of species by means of evolution + natural selection with the specific aim of producing beings such as ourselves - most favored christian response
Creationists
:
Christians who reject scientific account of the origins of the world = creationists
Six day (young earth) Creationism
- appeal to their own brand of science, which are statements within the Bible - modern science findings = false + Bible is the 'true' science
Scientific evidence shows that the age of the universe is around 13.8 billion years ago
Belief that God created the earth in 6, 24 hour days - Genesis
Species = created by God + humans descended from Adam + Eve
Progressive Creationism
- this account accepts the view of geology - universe is aprox 4.8 billion years old + cosmology - universe = 13.8 billion years old
God had bursts of creative activity, followed by long periods of equilibrium
Rejects evolution