Duchenne muscular dystrophy
muscles of the foot
Innervation
Medial plantar Innervation
Bones
Blood supply
The ankle
The ankle joint
Capsular ligament
.
Gait cycle
Gait describes our style of walking
There are two phases
stance phase
swing phase
Begins with a heel strike and ends with a push-off from the forefoot
Begins after push-off when the toes leave the ground and ends with the heel strike.
Abnormal Gaits
Definition
Alterations in the way of walking
Lateral trunk bending
Anterior trunk bending
Posterior trunk bending
Microstructure of muscle tissue
Function and Mechanism of muscle contraction
Role of electromyography in evaluating muscle function
A diagnostic test that measures the activity of muscles in response to neural stimulation
DMD
characteristic clinical features
Definition
The most common hereditary muscular dystrophy affecting all races and ethnic groups
Progressive weakness
Intellectual impairment
Hypertrophy of the calves
The probability of having a child with a genetic disease
Investigations for diagnostic DMD and muscle disease
Blood test
Electromyography
GENETIC TESTING
Principles of Gene Therapy
Two approaches
Viral delivery
Viruses are modified to decrease their virulence.
Non-viral Options
Direct introduction of therapeutic DNA
Outline the pathology of muscle disease,Including DMD
-Muscle fiber atrophy
wasting or thinning of muscle mass
Muscle fiber hypertrophy
An increase in the size of fibers without an increase in their number
Inclusion body myositis
Chronic, progressive muscle inflammation
Muscle necrosis
a necrotizing form of severe soft-tissue infection
DMD
variations in fiber sizes
Increased internal nuclei
ncreased endomysial fibrosis
Psychological, Educational, and Social Impact of a
Disabled child
ADHD, or hyperactivity disorder
Learning difficultie.
Anxiety
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Genetic counseling
gives information about how genetic conditions might affect a person or their family