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Haitian & Latin American Revolutions - Coggle Diagram
Haitian & Latin American Revolutions
causes of revolutioons
Causes of Revolutions
*Global Influence of Enlightenment Values
Ideas of Natural Rights, Liberty,
Equality spread.
In Haiti, slaves and oppressed rise
against their overlords… fight to gain
self-governing independence
In Mexico & South America, Creole
leaders strive to break away from
European control… they want
self-governing independence
François-Dominique Toussaint
(1744-1803)
Built army of 20,000, eventually dominated
Saint-Domingue
1801 put forth constitution of equality
1802 arrested by Napoleon’s forces, died in jail
French troops driven out, 1804 Haiti declares
independence
Simón Bolívar (1783-1830)
Creole general who led independence
movement in South America
Native of Caracas (Venezuela), influenced
greatly by Enlightenment ideas & leaders
such as George Washington
Rebels against Spanish rule 1811, forced
into hiding
Forms alliances with many creole leaders
José de San Martín (Argentina, 1778-1842)
Bernardo O’Higgins (Chile, 1778-1842)
Spanish rule destroyed in South America
by 1825
Nicknamed “El Libertador” & wrote the
Jamaica Letter- which articulates his
desire for Latin American unity
and his vision of republican
government.
The Revolution in Haiti
Only successful slave revolt
Island of Hispaniola
Spanish colony Santo Domingo in east (now Dominican
Republic)
French colony of Saint-Domingue in west (now Haiti)
Rich Caribbean colony
Sugar, coffee, cotton
Almost 1/3 of France’s foreign trade
Latin American Wars of Independence
Revolution: Wars of Independence in Latin America
Latin American Society
Mexican Independence
Simón Bolívar
Brazilian Independence
Creole Dominance
society
gens de couleur (free people of color, i.e. mixed-race,
freed slaves)
“Maroons,” escaped slaves
Mexican Independence
Napoleon’s invasion of Spain and Portugal (1807)
weakens royal authority in colonies
Priest Miguel de Hidalgo (1753-1811) leads revolt of
indigenous and mestizos…
Hidalgo captured and executed, but rebellion continues
Creole general Augustin de Iturbide (1783-1824)
declares independence in 1821
Installs self as Emperor, deposed in 1823, republic
established
Southern regions form federation, then divide into
Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa
Rica