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10 Lymph Immune Natalie Esquivel Per.2 - Coggle Diagram
10 Lymph Immune Natalie Esquivel Per.2
Major functions of the lymphatic system
-lymphatic vessels collect & carry away excess tissue fluid from interstitial spaces, returning it to the blood
-helps defend body from diseases
carries waste elements to and excess fluid from the tissues in the body to its nodes where they are filtered
major functions of the immune system
-to fight disease-causing germs (pathogens) like bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi, and to remove them from the body
-to recognize and neutralize harmful substances from the environment
to fight disease-causing changes in the body, such as cancer cells.
location of the lymphatic organs and function
bone marrow - Bone marrow is a sponge-like tissue found inside the bones. That is where most immune system cells are produced and then also multiply. These cells move to other organs and tissues through the blood.
thymus - The thymus is located behind the breastbone above the heart. This gland-like organ reaches full maturity only in children, and is then slowly transformed to fatty tissue.
lymph nodes - Lymph nodes are small bean-shaped tissues found along the lymphatic vessels. The lymph nodes act as filters.
spleen - The spleen is located in the left upper abdomen, beneath the diaphragm,and It stores various immune system cells. When needed, they move through the blood to other organs. Scavenger cells (phagocytes) in the spleen act as a filter for germs that get into the bloodstream.
lines of defense
: First line of defense: Owns and manages risks/risk owners/managers.
Second line of defense: Oversees risks/risk control and compliance.
Third line of defense: Provides independent assurance/risk assurance.
innate (natural) immune defense
innate immune system include leukocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and plasma proteins — all acting as front-line defenders against pathogens.
innate immunity mounts a general response to any antigen
adaptive (acquired) immune defense
cell-mediated immunity, mediated by T lymphocytes against intracellular pathogens, and (2) humoral immunity, mediated by B lymphocytes against extracellular pathogens and toxins.
humoral response
Humoral immunity is also called antibody-mediated immunity. With assistance from helper T cells, B cells will differentiate into plasma B cells that can produce antibodies against a specific antigen. The humoral immune system deals with antigens from pathogens that are freely circulating, or outside the infected cells.
cellular response
A cellular response is the way that cells respond to signals in their environment. A cellular response is the third step in signal transduction, the pathway of receiving an external stimulus and causing a response.
antigen - An antigen is a foreign substance that enters your body. This can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, allergens, venom and other various toxins.
antibodies - An antibody is a protein produced by your immune system to attack and fight off these antigens.
active immunity - Active immunity occurs when our own immune system is responsible for protecting us from a pathogen.
passive immunity - Passive immunity occurs when we are protected from a pathogen by immunity gained from someone else.
Granulocytes include basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Basophils and eosinophils are important for host defense against parasites. They also are involved in allergic reactions. Neutrophils, the most numerous innate immune cell, patrol for problems by circulating in the bloodstream.