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religious reforms
the protestant reformation
the lutheran reformation
The first religious reform of the 16th century
was started by
Martin Luther
he opposed Pope Leo X’s proposal
to grant indulgences in exchange
for money to build
St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican
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lutherans ideas spread
throught the holy roman empire
so Carlos V intervened
first
tried to seek
a compromise
between
catholic church
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luther
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differences
CATHOLIC DOCTRINE
Things that the catholics said
seven sacraments
anointing of the sick
matrimony
penance
holy orders
confirmation
baptism
the eucharist
hierarchical structure
Religious and military orders
and worshipping the Virgin Mary
and saints were very important.
to achieve salvation
you must have faith
follow all precepts
and do good works
The Church’s interpretation
of the Bible was
the only valid interpretation.
LUTHERAN DOCTRINE
things that the lutherans said
Reformation of the sacraments
Universal priesthood
Salvation through faith
Religious orders
Free interpretation of the bible
calvinism
A French priest
John Calvin
established a
theocracy in Geneva.
was based on
following principes
Strict adherence to the Bible
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Belief in predestination.
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Humility and austerity.
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the english reformation
In England
religious reform was
more politically motivated
than theologically motivated
The pope refused
and as a result
the Act of Supremacy
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in the 44-year
reign of Elizabeth I
religious doctrine combined
aspects of both
Catholicism and Lutheranism
these included
justification by faith
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the influence of calvinism
calvinist in france
were called
hugenouts
were succesfull mostly
in the south
of the kingdom
Catharism had thrived there
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Religious conflicts
between Huguenots and Catholics
caused instability
violence and wars in France
throughout the 16th century
Thousands of Huguenots
were killed in the
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Calvinists in the Low Countries
england
scotland
=
puritans
In the 17th century
many Puritans emigrated
to English colonies
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THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION: THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
theCatholic Church tried
to stop the spread
of the Protestant Reformation
by carrying out
an internal reform
called the Counter-Reformation
Priests and the high clergy
needed to have better discipline
and training
to consolidate the work
of the council
the Inquisition was strengthened
and a list of prohibited books
which had been deemed
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The Council of Trent was held
During this meeting
a programme of changes
was formulated in response
to the Protestant Reformation
also to stop the crisis
in the Catholic Church
the main agreements:
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THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN EUROPE IN THE MID-16TH CENTURY
THE COUNCIL OF TRENT
The Council of Trent
was a meeting
that took place
in the Italian city of Trent
between 1545 and 1563
During this period
there were 25 sessions of debate
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the catholic church in crisis
at the beggining
of the modern age
the autority
of the catholic church was
being challenged
people believed it was not
honduring its spiritual
principes
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Humanism emphasised the value
of humans and promoted individual
interpretation of the Bible.
the aim was to encourage personal
critical religious thinking
with the invention of the printing press
these began to spread
the development of authoritarian monarchies
the buying and selling of indulgences
was introduced
This meant that sins
could be pardoned
in exchange for money given to the Church
for Catholics
this was a way of becoming
more spiritually and morally relaxed
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