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Ethiopia case study, Timeline - Coggle Diagram

- - - - poverty reduction in rural and urban areas -- even development
      - inequality is on the rise -- Covid has increased existing vulnerabilities
- - - - 2021
    - - Washington Consensus
      - America's legitimacy to enforce their version of democracy
    - - pluralism -- removing restrictions that were supressed are made worse
        
        exacerbated regional and ethnic tensions: Tigrayan conflict
        
        Abiy has called the violence “shameful” but has been unable to stop it.
        
        3 million people displaced internally
        
        political freedom created opportunity for violence
      - tensions emerging; political freedom also gives people the freedom to criticise him
      - Western perspective: successful reforms lead to more investments which lead to a better economy and more development
        
        spillover into other countries
        
        generalises development in a Western way
        
        Middle Eastern development; could be seen as the alternative that is more legitimate as it does not force a reform
        
        African Continental Free Trade Area (ACFTA)
        
        52 countries
        
        greement aimed at uniting the region’s 1.2 billion people and combined GDP of $3.4 trillion into a single market.
        
        removing tariffs would increase the value of intra-African trade by $50–$70 billion.
        
        Africa suffers from particularly weak economic integration, with just 17 percent of its countries’ exports staying within the region
  - - - competing Middle Eastern powers trying to gain power in the Horn of Africa
      - Ahmed aligning them more with Saudi Arabia and the UAE
        
        UAE agreed to invest $1 billion into the Ethiopian financial system and $2 billion more into the wider economy
  - - - The structure will be almost 500 feet high and 6,135 feet wide, with an additional saddle dam and a reservoir of nearly 800 square miles.
      - Upon completion, the dam’s reservoir could hold up to 74 billion cubic metres—more water than Egypt absorbs in an entire year.
      - economic development through jobs and work
      - lots of pressure to complete it -- similar projects struggle to be successful, eg, Afghanistan
    - - Sudan's flooding etc create a reliance on the dam
      - Egypt still very much against the dam
      - Cold War powers of the West haven't addressed the issue, leaving things open for the Middle East to take power, and regional conflicts to arise