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Anarchism - Coggle Diagram
Anarchism
Collectivist themes and ideas
Anarcho-communism
Property in land, natural resources and the means of production should be held in mutual control by communities.
These communities should federate with any other number of communities for joint purposes.
It differs from state socialism in opposing the concept of a central authority.
Anarcho-communism stresses the human potential for co-operation, most notably expressed by Kropotkin’s idea of Mutual Aid.
Anarcho-syndicalism
Emphasizes the key role played by organised industrial workers.
Through a ‘social general strike’ these workers could expropriate the possessors of capital.
In this way, a workers’ takeover of industry and administration is achieved.
This could ultimately provide a model for the management of the economy in a future anarchist society.
Mutualism
In answer to the question What is Property? (1840), Pierre-Joseph Proudhon said: “Property is theft”.
Although he condemned the system of exploitation based on the accumulation of capital, unlike Marx he did not oppose all forms of private property.
Proudhon sought a property system that avoided exploitation and promoted social harmony.
That system was mutualism: a fair exchange of goods and services done without profiteering or exploitation. Interaction would be mutually beneficial, and voluntary.
Other themes
Pacifist anarchism - which emphasises anti-militarism.
Green anarchism - which looks to radically rebalance the relationship between humans and the natural environment (for example, Murray Bookchin).
Anarcha-feminism - which focuses on asymmetrical power relationships.
What links them all is a rejection of external authority like the state, church, school, employer or hierarchies of any kind.
Individualist themes and ideas
Egoism
What is morally right is in your own self-interest - only the individual has meaning and all activity should be directed towards nurturing the individual.
Stirner,
for example, argued all religions and ideologies were empty and meaningless, a position criticised as nihilism (a belief in nothing).
Libertarianism
A belief that the individual should enjoy the widest possible realm of freedom; it implies the removal of both internal and external constraints.
Henry David Thoreau, for example, argued the best government was one which governed not at all. He believed individual conscience should be placed above political obligations.
Anarcho-capitalism
Extends the ideas of free market liberalism to their fullest extent, arguing private corporations can fulfil all the functions of the state, including law and order, justice and defence.
No state intervention or regulation can be justified; any state authority is oppressive because it is a restraint on the free exercise of rational decision making by the individual.