Language of learning
Historical events
Key figures and organisations
Terminology and technical vocabulary
Concepts
Effective use of verbs
Grammatical progression
post-World War II
Cold War
Fall of the Berlin Wall and German Reunification
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Enlargement to the east
Jean Monnet
Robert Schuman
European Coal and Steel Community
European Economic Community
European Community
Acquis communautaire
Single Market
Schengen Area
European Parliament
European Commission
European Council
European Court of Justice
European Central Bank
...
Political concepts and ideologies
Economic concepts and theories
Social issues and policies
democracy
liberalism
integration
supranational organisation
intergovernmental organisation
customs union
free trade
economic growth
single market
Economic and Monetary Union
etc.
free movement
migration
human rights
GDPR
environmental protection
...
Present simple
Present perfect
Past simple
Present Real Conditional
Present Unreal Conditional
Present continuous conditional
Future simple
modal verbs
Expression of Logical Relationships
Affirmations, Negations, Questions, and Exclamations
Expressions related to Temporality
Expression of Modality
Conjunction and Disjunction: "as well as", "either … or"...
Opposition and Concession: "although", "however"...
Cause and Purpose: "because (of)", "due to", "as", "so that", "in order to"...
Comparison: "(as/not so Adj. as; less/more + Adj./Adv. (than)"; "the better of the two"; "the best ever"...
Result and Correlation: "so", "so that", "the more", "the better"...
Condition: "if", "unless", "in case"...
Indirect Style: Offering suggestions and advice, expressing plans and desires...
Temporal Relationships: "while", "once (they have reformed)"...
Affirmation: affirmative sentences, e.g. "So it seems"...
Exclamation: "What + noun (+ phrase);" "What a thing to say!", "How + Adv. + Adj.;" "How very well thought!", "Wow, this is really well done!"...
Negation: "Not bad", "Not at all", "No way"....
Interrogation: Wh-questions, aux. questions
Units of Time and Divisions: "this time next year", "in ten days", "semester"...
Indications and Duration: "earlier", "later", "all day long", "the whole summer"...
Anteriority and Posteriority: "already", "(not) yet", "afterwards", "later (on)"...
Sequence and Simultaneity: "firstly", "secondly, "finally", "just then/as"...
Frequency: "quite often", "frequently", "day in day out"...
Expression of Manner: Adverb + Manner Expression: "nicely" , "upside down"...
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Factuality and Ability: Declarative Sentences, "manage"...
Possibility, Probability, and Necessity: "possibly", "probably", "want", "take"...
Obligation and Permission: "need/needn’t", "may", "could", "allow"...
Intention: "be thinking of –ing"...