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Development, LATE ADULTHOOD:, ADULTHOOD, ADOLESCENCE:, THE EMERGING ADULT:…
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LATE ADULTHOOD:
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AGEISM: A PREJUDICE WHEREBY PEOPLE ARE CATEGORIZED AND JUDGED SOLELY ON THE BASIS OF THEIR CHRONOLOGICAL AGE.
ELDERSPEAK: A CONDESCENDING WAY OF SPEAKING TO OLDER ADULTS THAT RESEMBLES BABY TALK, WITH SIMPLE SHORT SENTENCES.
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YOUNG OLD: HEALTHY, VIGOROUS, FINANCIALLY SECURE ADULTS: 65-75
OLD-OLD: OLDER ADULTS: SUFFER FROM PHYSICAL, MENTAL, OR SOCIAL DEFICITS. OVER AGE 75
OLDEST-OLD: ELDERLY ADULTS OVER AGE 85, WHO ARE DEPENDENT ON OTHERS FOR ALMOST EVERYTHING.
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NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS: NCD: ANY NUMBER OF BRAIN DISEASES THAT AFFECTS A PERSONS ABILITY TO REMEMBER, ANALYZE, PLAN OR INTERACT WITH PEOPLE.
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INTEGRITY VERSUS DESPAIR: FINAL STAGE OF ERIK ERIKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT. IN WHICH AN OLDER ADULT SEEKS TO INTEGRATE THEIR UNIQUE EXPERIENCES WITH THEIR VISION OF COMMUNITY.
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AGE IN PLACE: TO REMAIN IN THE SAME HOME AND COMMUNITY IN LATER LIFE, ADJUSTING BUT NOT LEAVING WHEN HEALTH FADES.
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ADULTHOOD
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SENESCENCE: THE PROCESS OF AGING, WHEREBY THE BODY BECOMES LESS STRONG AND EFFICIENT.
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FLUID INTELLIGENCE: THOSE TYPES OF BASIC INTELLIGENCE THAT MAKE LEARNING OF ALL SORTS QUICK AND THOROUGH. ABILITIES SUCH AS SHORT TERM MEMORY, ABSTRACT THOUGHT AND SPEED OF THINKING ARE ALL USUALLY CONSIDERED PART OF FLUID INTELLIGENCE.
CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE: A FORM OF INTELLIGENCE THAT INVOLVES THE CAPACITY TO BE INTELLECTUALLY FLEXIBLE AND INNOVATIVE.
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ANALYTICAL INTELLIGENCE: A FORM OF INTELLIGENCE THAT INVOLVES SUCH MENTAL PROCESSES AS ABSTRACT PLANNING, STRATEGY SELECTION, FOCUSED ATTENTION, AND INFORMATION PROCESSING.
CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE: THOSE TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL ABILITY THAT REFLECT ACCUMULATED LEARNING. VOCABULARY AND GENERAL INFORMATION.
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GENERATIVITY VERSUS STAGNATION: THE 7TH STAGE OF ERIK ERIKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, ADULTS SEEK TO BE PRODUCTIVE IN A CARING WAY, OFTEN AS PARENTS.
HUMANISM: A THEORY THAT STRESSES THE POTENTIAL OF ALL HUMANS WHO HAVE THE SAME BASIC NEEDS REGARDLESS OF CULTURE, GENDER OR BACKGROUND.
THE BIG FIVE: OPENNESS, CONSCIENTIOUSNESS, EXTROVERSION, AGREEABLENESS AND NEUROTICISM.
FICTIVE KIN: PEOPLE WHO BECOME ACCEPTED AS PART OF A FAMILY IN WHICH THEY ARE NOT GENETICALLY OR LEGALLY MEMBERS.
EXTRINSIC REWARDS OF WORK: THE TANGIBLE BENEFITS, USUALLY SALARY, INSURANCE, PENSION, AND STATUS, THAT COME WITH EMPLOYMENT.
INTRINSIC REWARDS: THE PERSONAL GRATIFICATIONS, SUCH AS PLEASURE IN A JOB WELL DONE OR FRIENDSHIPS WITH COWORKERS, THAT ACCOMPANY EMPLOYMENT.
ADOLESCENCE:
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
PUBERTY: THE YEARS OF RAPID PHYSICAL GROWTH AND SEXUAL MATURATION THAT END CHILDHOOD, PRODUCING A PERSON OF ADULT SIZE, SHAPE AND SEXUALITY.
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ADOLESCENT EGOCENTRISM: A CHARACTERISTIC OF ADOLESCENT THINKING THAT LEADS YOUNG PEOPLE AGES 10-13 TO FOCUS ON THEMSELVES TO THE EXCLUSION OF OTHERS.
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IMAGINARY AUDIENCE: THE OTHER PEOPLE WHO, IN AN ADOLESCENT'S EGOCENTRIC BELIEF, ARE WATCHING AND TAKING NOTE OF HIS OR HER APPEARANCE, IDEAS AND BEHAVIOR. THIS BELIEF MAKES MANY TEENAGERS VERY SELF-CONSCIOUS.
PERSONAL FABLE: AN ASPECT OF ADOLESCENT EGOCENTRISM CHARACTERIZED BY AN ADOLESCENT'S BELIEF THAT HIS OR HER THOUGHTS, FEELINGS AND EXPERIENCES ARE UNIQUE, MORE WONDERFUL. OR MORE AWFUL THAN ANYONE ELSE's.
INVINCIBILITY FABLE: AN ADOLESCENT'S EGOCENTRIC CONVICTION THAT HE OR SHE CANNOT BE OVERCOME OR EVEN HARMED BY ANYTHING THAT MIGHT DEFEAT A NORMAL MORTAL, SUCH AS UNPROTECTED SEX, DRUG ABUSE, or HIGH SPEED DRIVING.
FORMAL OPERATIONAL THOUGHT: IN PIAGET'S THEORY, THE FOURTH AND FINAL STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZED BY MORE SYSTEMATIC LOGICAL THINKING AND BY THE ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND AND SYSTEMATICALLY MANIPULATE ABSTRACT CONCEPTS.
ENTITY THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE: AN APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING INTELLIGENCE THAT SEES ABILITY AS INNATE, A FIXED QUANTITY PRESENT AT BIRTH; THOSE WHO HOLD THIS VIEW DO NOT BELIEVE THAT EFFORT ENHANCES ACHIEVEMENT.
INCREMENTAL THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE: AN APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING INTELLIGENCE THAT CAN BE DIRECTLY INCREASE BY EFFORT; THOSE WHO SUBSCRIBE TO THIS VIEW BELIEVE THEY CAN MASTER WHATEBER THEY SEEK TO LEARN IF THEY PAY ATTENTION, PARTICIPATE IN CLASS, STUDY, COMPLETE THEIR HOMEWORK AND SO ON.,
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IDENTITY ACHIEVEMENT: ERIKSON'S TERM FOR THE ATTAINMENT OF IDENTITY, OR THE POINT AT WHICH A PERSON UNDERSTANDS WHO HE OR SHE IS AS A UNIQUE INDIVIDUAL.
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MORATORIUM: AN ADOLESCENT'S CHOICE OF A SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE WAY TO POSTPONE MAKING IDENTITY-ACHIEVEMENT DECISIONS.
THE EMERGING ADULT:
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DIGESTIVE, REPRODUCTIVE, RESPIRATORY,CIRCULATORY,MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEMS FUNCTION PROPERLY EMERGING ADULTHOOD.
ALLOSTASIS: A DYNAMIC BODY ADJUSTMENT, RELATED HOMEOSTASIS THAT AFFECTS PHYSIOLOGY OVER TIME, HOWEVER, ALLOSTASIS REQUIRES ADJUSTMENT IN THE LONGER TERM.
INTIMACY VERSUS ISOLATION: THE SIXTH STAGE OF ERIK ERIKSON'S EIGHT STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT. ADULTS SEEK SOMEONE WITH WHOM TO SHARE THEIR LIVES IN AN ENDURING AND SELF-SACRIFICING COMMITMENT. WITHOUT SUCH COMMITMENT, THEY RISK PROFOUND ALONENESS AND ISOLATION.
LINKED LIVES: LIVES IN WHICH THE SUCCESS, HEALTH, AND WELL-BEING OF EACH FAMILY MEMBER ARE CONNECTED TO THOSE OF OTHER MEMBERS, INCLUDING THOSE OF ANOTHER GENERATION.
POSTFORMAL THOUGHT: A PROPOSED ADULT STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING PIAGET'S FOUR STAGES THAT GOES BEYOND ADOLESCENT THINKING BY BEING MORE PRACTICAL.
STEREOTYPE THREAT: THE THOUGHT IN A PERSON'S MIND THAT ONE'S APPEARANCE OR BEHAVIOR WILL BE MISREAD TO CONFIRM ANOTHER PERSON'S OVERSIMPLIFIED, PREJUDICED ATTITUDES.
DIALECTICAL THOUGHT: THE MOST ADVANCED COGNITIVE PROCESS, CHARACTERIZED BY THE ABILITY TO CONSIDER A THESIS AND ITS ANTITHESIS SIMULTANEOUSLY AND THUS TO ARRIVE AT A SYNTHESIS.
MASSIFICATION: THE IDEA THAT ESTABLISHING INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING AND ENCOURAGING COLLEGE ENROLLMENT CAN BENEFIT EVERYONE.
HELICOPTER PARENTS: THE LABEL USED FOR PARENTS WHO HOVER LIKE A HELICOPTER OVER THEIR EMERGING-ADULT CHILDREN.
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COHABITION: AN ARRAGEMENT IN WHICH A COUPLE LIVES TOGETHER IN A COMMITTED, ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP BUT ARE NOT FORMALLY MARRIED.
INTIMATE TERRORISM: A VIOLENT AND DEMEANING FORM OF ABUSE IN A ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH THE VICTIM, IS FRIGHTENED TO WITHDRAW, FIGHT BACK, OR SEEK HELP.
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MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
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BIOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SPECIFIC LEARNING DISORDERS: DSM-5 describes this as problems in both perception and information processing that causes low achievement in reading, math, or writing (including spelling)
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MORALS:
PRECONVENTIONAL MORAL REASONING: KOHLBERG'S FIRST LEVEL OF MORAL REASONING, EMPHASIZING REWARDS AND PUNISHMENTS.
CONVENTIONAL REASONING: KOHLBERG'S SECOND LEVEL OF MORAL REASONING, EMPHASIZING SOCIAL RULES.
POSTCONVENTIONAL MORAL REASONING: KOHLBERG'S THIRD LEVEL OF MORAL REASONING EMPHASIZING MORAL PRINCIPLES.
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NUTRITION: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO OBESITY- INCREASED TELEVISION, FOOD ADS, SUGAR, DECREASED ACTIVITY, FAST FOOD MEALS.
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PSYCHOSOCIAL
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EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT: SMILING, LAUGHING, ANGER, SADNESS, FEAR, TEMPERTANTRUMS
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INITIATIVE VERSUS GUILT: ERIKSON'S THIRD PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS IN WHICH YOUNG CHILDREN UNDERTAKE NEW SKILLS AND ACTIVITIES AND FEEL GUILTY WHEN THEY DO NOT SUCCEED.
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PARENTING STYLES:
-AUTHORITARIAN: AN APPROACH TO CHILD REARING THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH BEHAVIORAL STANDARDS.
-PERMISSIVE PARENTING: AN APPROACH TO CHILD REARING IN WHICH THE PARENTS SET LIMITS AND ENFORCE RULES BUT ARE FLEXIBLE AND LISTEN TO THEIR CHILDREN.
-NEGLECTFUL/UNINVOLVED : AN APPROACH TO CHILD REARING IN WHICH THE PARENTS SEEM INDIFFERENT TOWARD THEIR CHILDREN, NOT KNOWING OR CARING ABOUT THEIR CHILDREN'S LIVES.
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ATTACHMENT:
INSECURE-AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT: The parent mistreats the child- the mother is mentally ill- parents are highly stressed- parents are controlliong- child's temperament is difficult. THE CHILD AVOIDS CONNECTION WITH THE CAREGIVER
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SECURE ATTACHMENT: Parent is responsive to infants needs- infant and parent relationship is high synchrony-infants temperament is easy.
DISORGANIZED ATTACHMENTSUDDENLY MAY SWITCH FROM HITTING TO KISSING THEIR MOTHER, STARING BLANKLY TO CRYING HYSTERICALLY FROM PINCHING THEMSELVES. :
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