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Social change, Types, "these represent more complex demographic data,…
Social change
Common characteristics
Some changes matter more than other (Macionis, et al., 2017).
It is happening all the time (Macionis, et al., 2017).
Case study example
Yu Yan, at 35 years old, was sponsored by her cousin and immigrated to Canada. She could not find a job due to her limited English skills and realized there were so many differences between her culture and the culture of the new country.
It is often controversial (Macionis, et al., 2017).
It is sometimes intentional but often unplanned (Macionis, et al., 2017).
Definition
"the transformation of culture and social institution over time" (Macionis et al., 2017, p. 553).
Theories
Modernization
Definition
Industrialization and urbanization declines the social position of older people in the society (Funk, 2016).
Case study example
The business owner believed that old people like Zhang Wei can not keep up with the new technology and should leave their jobs.
Exchange
Definition
Suggests that each person in a relationship or interaction has different resources or power, such as money, experience, skills, or prestige (Funk, 2016).
Case study example
Zhang Wei believed he had work experience and could provide valuable expertise. Business owners, on the other hand, saw ageing as a problem. He believed that the elderly were taking positions in the workplace from younger people, reducing their chances of employment.
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Life course
Definition
History shapes identities and behaviour of members of cohort and generation(Bow Valley College, 2023, slide 15)
Result
Individuals within successive generations are influenced by social change, which in turn influences their aging experiences (Bow Valley College, 2023, slide 15).
Yu Yan's daughters believed that long-term care facilities were the best option for their father's care. They will probably accept living in long-term care facilities more easily as they get older.
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Types
Population of aging
Definition
The population of aging is a demographic changes that reflects the process of social change (Bow Valley College, 2023, slide 3).
Focuses on
Age composition
Definition
Percentage of the population over the 65 years old (Funk, 2016).
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Methods
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Old age dependency ratio
Definition
" the proportion of dependent older adults compared or relative to the rest of the working-age population (Funk, 2016, p. 31).
Mortality rate
Definition
"The number of deaths in a given population or time period"(Funk, 2016. p. 198).
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Fertility rate
Definition
The average number of birth in the population (Funk, 2016)
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Social institutions
Definition
Refers to a organization that structured for a group living such as care home (funk,2016).
Case study example
Soon after retiring, Zhang Wei’s health began to decline and after a while Yu Yan decided to put him in the long-term care facility.
Change in social norms
Definition
Standards for appropriate behaviors and internalize them within their individual identities through socialization processes (Funk, 2026).
Case study example
Yu Yan grew up in a country where caring for the elderly was a social norm. She was not happy when her daughters suggested a long-term care facility for their dad. However, she had to accept it in the end.
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"these represent more complex demographic data, including proportions in particular age categories after age 65 (Funk, 2016, P. 31).
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Macionis, J., Jansson, S., Benoit, C., & Burkowicz, J. (2017). Society: The basics (6th Canadian ed.). Prentice Hall.
Funk, L., (2016). Sociological perspectives on aging. Oxford University Press Canada.
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School of Health and Wellness, Bow Valley College
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