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Immune System D'Anna Contreras Per.1 - Coggle Diagram
Immune System D'Anna Contreras Per.1
Purpose and examples of First, Second, and Third line of defense
second line of defense: attack nonspecific pathogens
chemical barriers (enzymes, pH, salt, interferons, complement), natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever
third line defense: responds by body against specific pathogens and their toxins/metabolic products
cellular immune response and humoral response
first line defense: attack nonspecific pathogens
mechanical barriers (skin and mucous membranes)
Innate immune defenses and Adaptive immune defenses
innate: guard against many types of pathogens; responds quickly. includes mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever
adaptive: responds against only a specific type of pathogens; responds more slowly, accomplished by specialized lymphocytes, and secretes cytokines/antibodies
Antigens and anitbodies
antigens: any large molecules that can trigger an immune response
antibodies: travel through the body fluids to attack and destroy antigens
Humoral response and cellular response
cellular immune response: responds through cell-cell contact, as activated T cells interact directly with antigen bearing cells
humoral immune response: antibodies travel through the body fluids to attack and destroy antigens
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
B cell: provides humoral immune response, produce antibodies that destory antigens/antigen bearing
natural killer cell: defend the body against viruses/cancer cells by secreting cytoytic substances
monocyte: attack larger particles
macrophage: free/become fixed various tissue
neutrophil: engulf smaller particles
T cell: provides cellular immune response, interact directly with antigens/antigen bearing agents
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
thymus: medial to the lungs, site for T cell maturation
tonsils: superior to the lungs: prevent pathogens from penetrating mucous membrane
spleen: inferior to the lungs, cleanses blood/rempves aged/detective red blood cells
peyers patches: distal part of small intestine: site for lymphocyte activation/proliferation
lymph node: in secondary lymphoid, cleanses lymph, site for lymphocyte activation/proliferation
red bone marrow: distal to lungs, prevent pathogen from penetrating mucous membrane
Passive vs Active immunity
active immunity: obtained through exposure; an immune response occurs in the person, in which antibodies and memory B cells are produced; long lasting immunity
passive immunity: obtained by receiving antibodies; since there is no antigen contact and no immune response occurs, no memory B cells are produced; short term immunity
Artificial vs. Natrually acquired immunity
active
naturally: occurs after exposure to the antigens; long term resistance results, due to the events of a primary immune response
artificially: occurs through the use of vaccines, without the person becoming ill from the disease; since vaccines contain weakened/dead pathogens, person develops long term immunity, due to an immune response that includes memory B cell formation
passive
naturally: occurs as antibodies are passed from the mother to fetus; this is short term immunity, due to lack of an immune response /lack if memory B cell formation
artificially: involves the injection of gamma globulins containg antibodies/ antiserum; this is short term, because there was no antigen exposure, no immune response, and no memory B cells produced
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems: secondary circulatory system
lymph nodes: filter/remove bacteria and cellular debris from lymph, monitors body fluids, has lymphocyte production, and contains macrophages
thymus: had lymphocytes, some mature into T cells/T lymphocytes, that leave the thymus to provide immunity
unencapsulated lymphatic tissue: associated with digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive system (MALT)
spleen: filters the blood/removes damaged blood cells/bacteria
lymphatic vessels: collect/carry away excess tissue fluid
Disorders associated with the Immune system
whooping cough (pertosis): very contagious respiratory illness that spreads from person-person
symptoms: runny nose, sneezing, and fever
treatment options: antibiotics, humidifer, and stay hydrated
causes/risk factors: bacterial infection, coughing/sneezing, and broken vessel
hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD): in children under 5 years old but anyone can get it. The illness is not that serious but it is very contagious
symptoms: fever, mouth sores, and sore throat
treatment options: most people get better on their own in 7-10 day, over the counter medication, and stay hydrated
causes/risk factors: person-person contact, nose/throat secretion, and fluid from blister/scabs
polio virus: is a disabiling and life threatning disease caused by polio virus
symptoms: fever, fatigue, and headache
treatment options: no cure, physical/occupational therapy, and wash hands constantly
causes/risk factors: contract with infected person, droplet from sneeze/cough, and invades lymphoid tissue
hepatitis b: contagious liver infection by hepatitis b virus
symptoms: fever, fatigue, and dark colored urine
treatment options: antiviral drugs, interferon injectors, and liver transplant
causes/risk factors: sharing needles for drug use, sexual contract, and blood-blood contact
tuberculosis: TB is a disease caused by germs which are spread from person-person through air
symptoms: weakness, chest pain, and coughing
treatment options: medication, rifampin, and pyrazinamide
causes/risk factors: HIV infection, kidney disease, and scoliosis
tetarics: an infection caused by bacteria to muscles and jaw
symptoms: jaw cramping, headache, and fever/sweating
treatment options: evaluation/care at hospital, agressive wound care, and antibiotics
causes/risk factors: burns, injuries with dead tissue, and dental infection
malaria: a disease transmitted by a plasmodium parasite through a single/several mosquito bites
symptoms: high fever, shaking chills, and tiredness
treatment options: antimalarial drugs, antiparasitc, antibiotics
causes/risk factors: mosquito bites, parasitic, and common in tropical/subtropical enviorments
cholera: acute life threatening bacterial disease
symptoms: irritability, low blood pressure, and vomiting
causes/risk factors: drinking dirty pipe water, shell fish and plankton, and improper cooked seafood
treatment options: rehydration therapy, zinc treatment, and antibiotic treatment
small pox: a virus caused by variola virus
symptoms: soreness in mouth/throat, high fever, and head/body aches
treatment options: teovirimat, cidofovior, brinicidofovir
causes/risk factors: spread by face-face contact, cough/sneeze, contract with contaminated body fluids
pinwarm infection: a small white thin round worm called enterbius vermicularies; lives in colon/rectum region
symptoms: itchy anal area, sometimes no symptoms, and unbearable itchiness
treatment options: mebendozole, pyrantal, and pamote
causes/risk factors: entabius vernicularies, ingesting pin worm eggs directly/indirectly, and mature in colon after being infected
haemophilos influeruzae type b (hib): serious illness caused by bacteria
symptoms: fever/chills, diarreha, and shortness of breath
treatment options: breathing support, cetotaxime, and arnplicillin
causes/risk factors: death, pneumonia, and immunogoblin
measces: viral respiratory illness
symptoms: high fever, cough, and runny nose
treatment options: rest, stay hydrated, and antibiotics
causes/risk factors: exposure to infected person, pregnancy, and ages <5
meningitis: a bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain or spinal cord causing swelling
symptoms: high temp, light sensitivity, and seizure (fits)
treatment options: antibiotics, steroid medication, and IV drip bag
causes/risk factors: head injury, cancer, and hearing loss
rubella: a contagious viral infection that is known for the red rash it causes for most people
symptoms: fever, sore throat, and rash on face/body
treatment options: rest, fever medicine, and rubella vaccine
causes/risk factors: exposure to an infected person, exposure to rash, and direct contact with inpetected mucus
toxoplasmosis: infection caused by a single celled parasite (toxoplasma gondi)
symptoms: flu, swollen lymph/glands, and muscle aches
treatment option: antibiotics, antifungal, and antiparisitic
causes/risk factors: toxoplasma gondii parasite
chicken pox: varicella is a cantagious disease thats caused by the vanicellazaster virus (VZV)
symptoms: fever, tiredness, and loss of appetite
treatment options: get vaccine for chicken pox, calanline, and cool bath
causes/risk factors: affects shingles, in respiratory tract, and itchy blister rash