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Contextualizing Native American LPP - Coggle Diagram
Contextualizing Native American LPP
First Peoples, First Principles: Tribal Sovereignty
internationally recognized definition of Native peoples
they are descendants of ‘from the populations which inhabited the country…at the time of…colonization…and…irrespective of their legal status, retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions’ (International Labor Organization, 1989, Article 1.1.b)
tribal sovereignty
tribes’ sovereign power
govern their citizens and regulate the use of their land base
the right to determine membership
administer justice through tribal courts
treaties with the U.S government
tribes gave up certain rights and possessions in exchange for certain federal guarantees such as education and health
tribal-federal relationship of trust responsibility
recognition of tribes at federal, state and tribal level
violation of the trust responsibility
sovereignty of some tribes are recognized by states but not by the federal government
e.g. Native Hawaiians and Alaska Natives
many tribes are not recognized either by states nor the government
Peoples, Populations and Lands
uncertain number of Native Americans and Native languages
some say it could have been as low as 900,000 or as high as 12.3 millio
following the European invasion the number of Native Americans drastically declined
as of January 12, 2023 there are 574 federally recognized tribes in the US
most populous American Indian nation is Cherokee with more than 800,000 individuals identifying as Cherokee or having Cherokee ancestry
largest federally recognized tribe is the Navajo Nation with almost 400,000 members as of 2021
also has the largest reservation that is the size of Ireland and spreads across Arizona, New Mexico and Utah
economic disparities are profound among the tribes
largest proportion of Native Americans reside in western states
Native American Languages
spoken languages
issues of enumeration
privileges a conception of language
confounds issues of dialect difference
estimates of the languages that are indigenous to the US and Canada
range from 300 to 600 and they reflect as many as 60 language families
benefits of enumeration
tell us that language endangerment is a big issue
provide an index of Native American linguistic endangerment and diversity
the American Community Survey report 169 languages spoken in the US
approximately 372,000 and 397,000 speakers of Native American languages
indigenous multimodal literacies
autochthonous non-graphocentric literacies
many historical records
spoken language is superior to written language among Native Americans
problems with indigenous language literacy
violate basic features associated with spoken lg performance
literacy will redistribute access to knowledge and affect seniority and status within the Tribe
personal dissatisfaction with the representation of the Indigenous language
uncertainties regarding the usefulness of written Indian language or of knowing how to write it
Language Vitality schemes
Grenoble & Whaley
Safe to extinct
UNESCO
Safe to extinct
Krauss
Class A to Class E
Bauman
Fourishing to Extinct/Sleeping
Fishman
Stages 6-1, 7, 8
Contemporary Native A. language use
Native lgs in tribal governance
Native lgs in religion
Native American Church (NAC)
Native lgs in the media
Native American Film + Video Festival
All Things Cherokee Facebook page
iCherokee app
Cherokee Phoenix
Journal of Navajo Education
Canyon Records
Native lgs in school