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Closed-die Forging - Coggle Diagram

- - - - flash cavity (land + gutter)
        
        as the flash begins to form in the die gap friction constrains bulk of the work material to remain in the die cavity because it cannot flow continuously
        
        in hot forging metal flow further restricted because flash cools quickly :arrow_right: increased resistance to deformation
        
        restricting metal flow in gap causes great increas in compression pressures of part
        
        gutter is important
        
        ensures correct fufilling of die cavity by lessening centrifugal movement of flow
        
        dampens hit between dies during closing stroke
        
        receives excessive material of billet
      - billet shape and dimension
        
        volume of billet must be sufficient to fulfill cavity and e.g. thermal expansion of the material must be considered in hot forging
        
        initial billet positioning could cause filled or unfilled die cavity
      - rounding radii
      - cavity geometry
        
        too small radii can result in defects e.g. folding, lack of filling and breakage (both workpiece and die)
- - - - selection of gutter starting from thickness s of land (formula)
        
        depends on cross-sectional area of component in correspondence of parting line and perimeter of cross-sectional area
  - - - in correspondence of through hole thickness of material around 2/3 times thickness of flash
    - - ensure constant material flow
      - reduce friction
      - reduce die wear
    - - machining required