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Main objects of grammatical studies, lunguage, grammar, Connection between…
Main objects of grammatical studies
grammatical meaning: distinctive features
a general meaning which characterizes a certain grammatical class of words
has a grammatical form of expression
obligatory
is revealed only through the opposition of forms
depends on the lexical meaning
the grammatical meaning - an abstract meaning which characterizes a certain grammatical class of words associated with a certain grammatical form
the grammatical form denotes all means of expressing a particular grammatical meaning
grammatical elements are united on the basis of similarity and contrast
grammatical category - the unity of the general meaning and its particular manifestations revealed through the opposition of forms
the method of binary opposition: to reveal a category we must find within a paradigm a contrastive pair of forms with two types of features: common features and differential ones. Common features are the basis of contrast, differential features express the categgory in question
oppositional reduction
neutralization
stylistically unmarked
transposition
stylistically marked
lunguage
meaning
vocabulary
"discourse"
pronunciation
phonetics
"graphetics"
phonology
graphology
grammar
morphology
syntax
Connection between lexical and grammatical systems
grammaticalization
lexical units —> grammatical forms
lexicolisation
a grammatical form gets a new lexical meaning
speech
writing