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social influence - Coggle Diagram
social influence
types of conformity and explanations for conformity
types of conformity
compliance
internalisation
identification
explanations for conformity
normative social influence
informational social influence
evaluation
difficulties in distinguishing between compliance and internalisation
research support for normative influence
research support for informational influence
further evaluation
normative influence may not be detected
informational influence is moderated by type of task
variables affecting conformity
key study: Asch (1956)
procedure
findings
variables affecting conformity
group size
the unanimity of the majority
the difficulty of the task
evaluation
Asch's research may be a 'child of its time'
problems with determining the effect of group size
independent behaviour rather than conformity
further evaluation
unconvincing confederates?
cultural differences in conformity
conformity to social roles
key study: The Stanford Prison Experiment (Haney et al.,1973)
procedure
findings
other research: The BBC prison study (Reicher and Haslam, 2006)
procedure
findings
evaluation
conformity to roles is not automatic
the problem of demand characteristics
were these studies ethical?
further evaluation
the SPE and its relevance to Abu Ghraib
what did we learn from these studies?
situational variables affecting obedience
key study: Milgram (1963)
procedure
findings
situational factors in obedience
proximity
location
the power of uniform
evaluation
ethical issues
internal validity: a lack of realism
individual differences: the inlfuence of gender
further evaluation
external validity: the obedience alibi
historical validity: would the same thing happen today?
agentic state and legitimacy of authority
the agentic state
self image and the agentic state
binding factors
legitimacy of authority
the defintion of the situation
legitimate authority requires an institution
evaluation
the agent state explanation and real life obedience
agent state or just plain cruel?
the legitimate authority explanation and real life obedience
further evaluation
the agent state as loss of personal control
obedience in the cockpit - a test of legitimate authority
the authoritarian personality
the authoritarian personality
the F scale
right-wing authoritarianism
key study: Elms and Milgram (1966)
procedure
findings
evaluation
research evidence for the authoritarianism/obedience link
the social context is more important
differences between authoritarian and obedient participants
further evaluation
education may determine authoritarianism and obedience
left-wing views are associated with lower levels of obedience
resistance to social influence
social support
social support and resisting conformity
social support and resisting obedience
locus of control
the nature of locus of control
internality and resistance to social influence
evaluation
social support: the importance of response order
social support: support may not have to be valid to be effective
locus of control is related to normative but not informational influence
locus of control: people are more external than they used to be
further evaluation
social support in the real world: the Rosenstrasse protest
research support: locus of control
minority influence
minority influence and behaviour style
consistency
commitment
flexibility
key study: Moscovici et al. (1969)
procedure
findings
evaluation
research support for flexibility
the real 'value' of minority influence
do we really process the minority's message more?
further evaluation
a 'tipping point' for commitment
minority influence in name only
social influence processes in social change
social change through minority influence
drawing attention to an issue
cognitive conflict
consistency of position
the augmentation principle
the snowball effect
social change through majority influence
social norms interventions
an example: 'Most of Us don't drink and drive'
evaluation
social change through minority influence may be very gradual
being perceived as 'deviant' limits the influence of minorities
limitations of the social norms approach
further evaluation
social norms and the 'boomerang effect'
overcoming the deviant minority problem: the Communist Manifesto