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Indoor Environmental Quality - Coggle Diagram
Indoor Environmental Quality
BACKGROUND
Quality of a building’s indoor environment
related to health, comfort, & wellbeing
Determined by many factors
air quality
acceptable IAQ
there are no known contaminants at harmful concentrations
majority (>80%) of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction
lighting/visual comfort
defined through a set of criteria
based on:
level of light in a room
balance of contrasts
color temperature
absence or presence of glare
noise/acoustic quality
individual's environmental & psychological situation in terms of:
noise level
other parameters that effect to concentration, communication, rest, or health
thermal comfort
condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment
assessed by subjective evaluation
Concern about symptoms/illness from exposure within the buildings
CRITICAL COMPONENTS
Air quality
comprising odor
indoor air pollution
fresh air suuply
Thermal comfort
moisture
air velocity
temperature
Acoustical quality
noise from outside and indoors
vibrations
Lighting/visual comfort
view
illuminance
luminance ratios
reflection
GOALS
Minimize the risk of building related health
problems
SBS
Occupants experience acute health and comfort effects
linked to the time spent within the building
No specific illness or cause can be identified
Maintain high quality indoor environments
standards
ASHRAE
WHO
IESNA
codes
Saudi Building Codes (SBC)
International Code Council (ICC)
best practice guides
reports
publications
articles
CONTROL STRATEGIES
Control pollutants
Introduce daylight and views
Provide occupants with controls
Acoustic and thermal comfort
IMPORTANCE OF IAQ
has been recognized since the first century BC (particularly IAQ)
as is described by Vitruvius in his ten books of architecture
IAQ
ventilation Implementation
prevent the spread of disease
provide adequate comfort
poorly ventilated rooms
unwanted thermal effects
Lighting
light therapy using natural light in hospital (1900s)
for skin disease
positive health effects of sunlight
acknowledged by the Egyptians, Romans and the ancient Greeks
light therapy using artificial light (1980s)
used to cure winter depressions
Thermal comfort
firstly introduced as indoor environmental factor (part of overall indoor comfort) during late 19th century
Acoustical comfort
the ancient Greeks and Romans realized the importance of good auditory conditions for an audience listening to speech or music
for example, audience places are on steep hillsides
to reduce distance
to concentrate sound
Noise or unwanted auditory experience became an important aspect, especially as environmental pollution (1970s)
Other IEQ parameters
aesthetic quality and spatial & ergonomical quality
architectural imagination
interaction of light, air, and sound with the form and materiality of architectural space
human senses (windows of the soul)
the instrument which is indicating comfortable feelings with respect to heat, cold, smell, noise, darkness, flickering light, etc
human senses + entire human body
also with respect to health effects
IEQ IN BUILDINGS
Building
fundamental component that provides
shelter and facilities for individuals
to perform daily tasks
Crucial for human health & wellbeing
because most of people spend their time indoors
Concerns the performance of buildings from the
occupants’ perspective
Ideal situation
satisfies all occupants (no complaints)
unnecessarily increase the risk or
severity of illness or injury
Healthy buildings
encompass all aspects:
optimum thermal comfot
lighting with effective daylighting and access to views
indoor air quality
acoustical performance
ventilation effectiveness integrated with natural ventilation
when applicable
human comfort and health
designed for ease of operation and maintenance
because it has strongly related to occupant's overall health and productivity
Benefits
productivity improvement
lower energy consumption
Poor IEQ conditions
poor health
learning difficulties
productivity problems
initiate a process leading to stress
DISORDERS & DISEASES
External stress factors
endocrine system
a complex network of glands and organs
uses hormones
to control and coordinate body's metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and response to injury, stress, and mood
nervous system
made up of the brain, spinal cord and nerves
controls much of human thinking and feeling and body activities
allows activities like walk, speak, swallow, breathe and learn
controls how the body reacts in an emergency
immune system
a large network of organs, white blood cells, proteins (antibodies) and chemicals
works together to protect humans from foreign invaders (viruses, parasites, and fungi) that cause infection, illness and disease
Caused by or related to an ‘unhealthy indoor environment’
Division of diseases and disorders
handled by cooperation between
the immune system and
the endocrine system
, but where the handling can be influenced by
the nervous system
,
irritation, allergic and hyper reactive effects (e.g. asthma)
infectious diseases (e.g. Legionnaires disease)
toxic chronic effects that gradually increase or appear (e.g. cancer)
handled by cooperation between
the nervous system and
the endocrine system
, but where the handling can be influenced by
the immune system
,
direct noticeable comfort related complaints by the human senses (e.g. smell, noise, heat)
systemic effects (e.g. tiredness, poor concentration)
psychological effects (e.g. depression, anxiety)
The performance of the human senses (
internal stress factor
) can also have a major influence on the first category of complaints
e.g. age effect: degradation of the eyes, ears, olfactory bulb, and degradation of the immune system functions